Table of Articles

Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters

Title II - Jurisdiction
S e c t i o n 2:Special jurisdiction

Art. 5

Art. 5 (1)

Jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract - General

Jurisdiction ‘in matters relating to a contract’ - Concept - Independent interpretation - Chain of contracts - Action to establish liability brought by a sub-buyer against the manufacturer - Excluded - N° 1992/4

Provisional, including protective, measures - Expert’s report - Application solely on the basis of Article 5(1) of the Convention - Application accepted on the basis of Article 24 - Urgency disputed by the defendant - No effect - N° 1992/13

Interest-rate swap contracts between an English bank and a local Scottish authority - Contracts void owing to the lack of capacity of the local authority to enter into such contracts - Action for restitution of a sum of money paid to the local authority by the bank - N° 1993/8

Jurisdiction in 'matters relating to a contract' - Concept - Autonomous interpretation - Chain of contracts - Liability claim brought by a subsequent purchaser against the manufacturer for defects in the product - Excluded - N° 1993/29

Jurisdiction in contractual matters - Concept - Action aiming at ascertaining the lack of an exclusive distributorship contract between the parties - Included - Determination of the place of performance - Place situated in the State where the defendant is established, exercises its commercial activity and for whose territory it claims to benefit from an exclusive distributorship contract - Lack of jurisdiction of the State where the plaintiff has its seat - N° 1994/16

Matters relating to a contract - Concept - Independent interpretation - Chain of contracts - Action for finding of liability for the defects of goods brought by the sub-buyer against the manufacturer - Excluded - Clause conferring jurisdiction agreed between the manufacturer and the other party - Cannot be invoked against the sub-buyer - N° 1995/22

Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Discrediting another's commercial reputation - Place where the causal event entailing tortious delictual or quasi-delictual liability, directly produced harm to its victim - Harm done to an Italian company - Jurisdiction of the Italian court - N° 1997/16

Meaning of obligation - Obligation on which the action is founded - Proceedings seeking termination of an exclusive distribution agreement for the territory of one of the Contracting States - Obligation can only be performed in that State - N° 1997/22

Existence of the contract in dispute - Good arguable case for the existence of the contract - Inclusion - N° 1997/29

Existence of the contract in dispute - Necessary to bring sufficient proof to show that there was a contractual relationship between the parties - Evaluation by the court seized - Jurisdiction of the Norwegian court - N° 1997/33

Courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question - Claim founded on different obligations arising from the same contract - Commercial agency contract - Claim for payment of fees and compensation for breach of contract - Obligations considered to be of equal rank - Performance, according to the conflict rules of the court seised, due in different Contracting States - Possibility to bring the whole claim before one and the same court - N° 1998/7

Special jurisdiction in "matters relating to a contract" and "matters relating to tort, delict or quasi delict" - Goods damaged on completion of a voyage by sea then by land - Action for compensation by the consignee against the actual maritime carrier who did not issue the bill of lading - Action concerning a matter relating to tort, delict or quasi delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Determination - Place where the damage arose - Place of delivery of the goods by the maritime carrie - N° 1999/1

Jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract - Scope - Jurisdiction to order provisional or protective measures - Inclusion - Dispute on the substance referred to arbitration - Article 24 as single basis of the jurisdiction - N° 1999/2

Interest rate swap agreements between an English bank and a Scottish local authority - Agreements void because ultra vires the local authority - Claim for restitution of sums paid by bank to local authority - Exclusion - Lack of jurisdiction of the English court - N° 1999/56

Contracts concluded by consumers - Scope - Contract concluded following an advertisement  accompanied by a promise of gain - Right for the addressee to claim the price seemingly obtained - Inclusion, or failing this, classification as a contractual right within the meaning of Article 5, point 1, or tortious within the meaning of Article 5, point 3 - Request for interpretation - N° 2000/10

Defendant domiciled in Luxembourg - Meaning of "domicile" for the purposes of the first paragraph of Article I of the Protocol annexed to the Convention - Seat of a capital company - Included - N° 2003/28

Defendant domiciled in Luxembourg - Lack of jurisdiction of the courts of another Contracting State seised under Article 5(1) of the Convention - Conditions - Existence of particular links with Luxembourg - Capital company having its registered office in Luxembourg, without carrying on its business there - Excluded - Inapplicability of the first paragraph of Article I of the Protocol annexed to the Convention - N° 2003/28

Special jurisdiction – Jurisdiction in matter relating to a contract – Action of a contractual nature – Definition – Action by a consumer domiciled in a Contracting State seeking an order that a mail order company established in another Contracting State award a prize ostensibly won – Included – Conditions – Letter addressed to the consumer referring to her by name as the winner of the prize – Acceptance of the promise by the consumer and request for the payment of the prize – Award of the prize not subject to an order for goods and no such order made – No effect - N° 2005/4

 

Jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract - Scope; the term "obligation"

Carriage of goods by sea and then by land - Compensation claim brought by the consignee or the insurer relying on a bill of lading against a defendant who did not issue a bill of lading but who is considered by the plaintiff to be the actual carrier - Inclusion - In the alternative: case falling within matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict or within the general provisions on jurisdiction - N° 1997/9

Commercial agency contract - Application by the principal for the determination of amounts owed by him in compensation and to him by his agents for sums recovered from clients - Plurality of obligations serving as the basis for the claim - Principal obligation taken into consideration - Obligation to pay compensation following the dissolution of the contract by the plaintiff - Italian court lacking jurisdiction - N° 1997/10

Contract of sale - Buyer refusing to take delivery of part of the goods - Payment action for the full price - Obligation of the buyer to take delivery and to pay the price - N° 1998/17

Concept of obligation - Claims based on several obligations resulting from a contract of commercial agency - Obligation to be taken into account for the judicial competence - Principal obligation - Place of performance - Determination under the law governing the obligation according to the rules of conflict of laws of the court seised - Rules of conflict referring to the law of the place of conclusion of the contract - Italian law - Obligation to be performed in Denmark - Jurisdiction of the Danish courts - N° 1998/40

Contract of guarantee between a transport undertaking and an insurance establishing the requirement for the guarantor to pay customs duties imposed on the owner of goods transported - Right of the guarantor to seek from the owner, not being a party to the contract, reimbursement of sums paid in advance - Duty of the owner derived from the law and not from the contract - Application of Article 5(1) - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/16

Wrongful termination of sole distributorship contract - Single claim for damages for breach of contractual obligations and unfair competition arising therefrom - Applicability of Article 5(1) to the exclusion of Article 5(3) - N° 2002/35

Concept of obligation - Refusal by debtor’s bank to pay cheques issued to pay purchase price - Lack of contractual relations between the creditor and the debtor’s bank - Excluded - N° 2003/17

Jurisdiction in 'matters relating to a contract' - Meaning - Action brought by a guarantor, by way of subrogation, against the principal debtor in the context of a contract of guarantee concluded with a third party - Excluded where the principal debtor has not authorised the conclusion of the contract - N° 2004/4

Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Meaning – Concept includes any request seeking to engage the liability of a defendant which is not connected to a contractual matter – Action brought by an insurance company – Action brought by the guarantor against the principal debtor in the context of a contract of guarantee – No authorisation for the conclusion of that contract given by the principal debtor – No civil liability of that debtor – Exclusion of matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - N° 2005/15

Matters relating to a contract – Defendant domiciled in Luxembourg – Exception to Article 5(1) referred to in Article I of the Protocol annexed to the Convention – Multiple defendants – Effect – Application of Article 6(1) – Protocol not applied - N° 2005/20

Matters relating to a contract - Concept - Action by a consumer domiciled in a Member State requesting that a mail order company established in another Member State be ordered to hand over a prize ostensibly won - Included - Conditions - Letter addressed to the consumer naming him the winner of a prize - Promise accepted by the consumer and prize claimed - Prize not conditional on an order for goods and no such order - No effect - N° 2006/17

Matters relating to a contract - Place of performance of the obligation - Article 5(1) of the Convention - Conditions governing applicability - Domicile or seat of the defendant in a Contracting State - To be determined under national law - Seat of the defendant company in a third State - Inapplicability of Article 5(1) of the Convention - N° 2006/17

Matters relating to a contract - Concept - Broad interpretation - Promise of winning a prize by a mail order company - Claim that the company should be ordered to pay the prize ostensibly won - Included - N° 2006/24

 

Jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract - Place of performance

Contract of employment - Performance in more than one Contracting State and non-contracting State - N° 1992/7

Place of performance of the contractual obligation - Concept - Interpretation in accordance with the law governing the obligation in dispute under the conflicts rules of the court seised - Contract governed by the Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods - Obligation to make payment - N° 1992/8

Undertaking by a parent company to the creditors of its subsidiaries to make attempts to ensure that the subsidiaries remain solvent - Need for substantive and legal steps to be taken in the State in which the subsidiaries are established - Jurisdiction of the courts of the subsidiaries’ place of establishment - N° 1992/12

Place of performance - Concept - Interpretation in accordance with the law governing the obligation in question under the conflicts rules of the court seised - Contract governed by the Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods - Obligation to make payment - Seller’s place of business - N° 1992/17

Place of performance of the obligation - Concept - Interpretation in accordance with the law governing the obligation in question under the conflicts rules of the court seised - Application of the principles of the Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations of 19 June 1980 even before its entry into force - Law of the State in which the party responsible for characteristic performance is established - Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods - Obligation to pay the price - Seller’s place of business - N° 1992/21

Contract of employment - Place of performance of the obligation characterizing the contract - Autonomous concept - Place of performance by the employee of the work stipulated - Work performed in more than one Contracting State - Place where or from which the employee principally discharges his obligations - N° 1993/3

Obligation on which the claim is based - Agency contract - Obligation of the agent to promote the contracts - Obligation of the principal to pay commissions and damages - Determination of the place of performance according to the law governing the contract by virtue of the conflicts rules of the court seized - Italian law - Obligations to be performed in France - Lack of jurisdiction of the court seised - N° 1993/15

Commercial agency contract - Claim for termination of the contract arising out of the breach of the agent's right to exclusivity - Claims for the payment of commissions, compensation and damages - Obligation to respect the agent's right to exclusivity to be performed in Italy - Jurisdiction of the Italian courts - Existence of the contract contested between the parties - Irrelevant to the decision of the competent court - N° 1993/19

Contract of sale - Action of the seller aiming at the rescission of the contract owing to the impossibility to deliver the goods - Obligation on which the claim is based - Obligation to deliver the goods - Place of performance - Clause designating the place of delivery - Confirmation by the Uniform law on the international sale of goods - N° 1993/20

Contract relating to the carriage of goods by sea - Action for damage for the loss of the goods - Obligation on which the claim is based - Obligation to deliver the goods - Delivery to take place at the port of destination in the United Kingdom - Lack of jurisdiction of the Italian courts - N° 1993/22

Sales contract - Action for damages brought by the buyer - Obligation on which the action is based - Obligation of the seller to transfer know-how as distinct from the obligation arising out of the sales contract to help the buyer to acquire the mastery of the machine he has purchased - Absence - Jurisdiction of the courts of the domicile of the seller - N° 1993/27

Determination - Onus and standard of proof are on the plaintiff seeking to have his case tried in a Contracting State other than that in which the defendant is domiciled - N° 1993/33

Contract relating to the manufacture and sale of goods by the plaintiff domiciled in Ireland to the defendant domiciled in the United Kingdom - Obligation of the buyer to place orders - Evidence not sufficiently convincing as to the terms and the place of performance - Lack of jurisdiction of the Irish courts - N° 1993/33

Contract relating to the manufacture and sale of goods by the plaintiff domiciled in Ireland to the defendant domiciled in the United Kingdom - Obligation of the buyer to place orders - Evidence not sufficiently convincing as to the terms and the place of performance - Lack of jurisdiction of the Irish courts - N° 1994/6

Contract of sale - Action for damages for non-performance of the obligation to deliver - Place of performance of the obligation - Determination according to the applicable national law and the Uniform Law on the International Sale of goods - Performance in France at the place of delivery of goods to the carrier - Delivery foreseen 'franco arrivo Nord Italia' - Irrelevant - N° 1994/11

Contract of sale - Obligation to pay the price - Domicile of the seller - N° 1994/14

Contract aiming at the production of a film by one party, at its distribution by the other party and at the sharing of the profits - Claim for damages brought by the producer on the ground of the low profits distributed - Obligation on which the claim was based - Obligation to make all reasonable efforts to ensure the proper distribution and exploitation of the film - Determination of the place of performance - Distribution throughout the whole world except the United Kingdom and Ireland - Obligation not to be performed in Ireland - Lack of jurisdiction of the Irish Courts - N° 1994/15

Obligation of the seller to provide a guarantee - Whether that obligation is distinct or not form the obligation to deliver to be assessed according to the law governing the obligations of the seller - Determination of the place of performance in accordance with that law - N° 1994/23

Contractual clause designating the place of performance - Purpose of the clause merely to determine jurisdiction, but not the place where the obligations must be performed - Effects of the clause - N° 1995/7

Contract of employment - Place where the employee 'habitually carries out his work' - Meaning - Determination - Criteria - Employee carrying out his work in several States - Most of his working time spent in one contracting State or more of that time spent there than in one or several other States - Significance - Domicile of the employee and office from which he prepares or administers his work in other States situated in a contracting State to which he returns after each business trip abroad - Relevance - N° 1996/9

Obligation to deliver - Obligation of the seller to ensure the starting-off in the premises of the buyer - Determination of the place of performance according to the terms of the contract of sale - Premises of the buyer established in France - N° 1996/16

Obligation to deliver goods of the quality agreed upon - Determination of the place of performance according to article 19 of the 1964 Uniform law on the International Sale of Goods - Place of delivery of the goods to the carrier - Clauses 'cif/fio' and 'franco arrivo' - Not material - N° 1996/17

Contract of employment - Place where the employee habitually carries out his work - Meaning Work carried out in more than one Contracting State - N° 1997/3

Oral agreement between the parties on a place other than that of actual performance with the sole purpose of establishing that the courts of a particular place have jurisdiction - Inapplicability of Article 5(1) - Applicability of the formal requirements for agreements conferring jurisdiction - N° 1997/4

Contract of sale - Payment obligation - Determined in accordance with the substantive law which governs the obligation in question according to the rules of the conflict of laws of the court before which the matter is brought - 1955 Hague Convention on the International Sale of Goods - Law of the seller - Debt that must be sought out by the creditor - Place - Domicile of the purchaser - N° 1997/19

Claim for payment of securities - Obligation to guarantee the repurchase by a third party - Defendant having its head office in the United Kingdom - Law to be applied determined according to private international law - Place of performance situated in Denmark - Jurisdiction of the Danish court - N° 1997/27

Exclusive distributorship for France - Obligation relating to the delivery of machines - Performance at the manufacturer's works - Obligation not to supply others - Performance, inter alia, in the territory of the manufacturer - Jurisdiction of the English courts - N° 1997/29

Obligation on which the action is founded - Proceedings for failure to pay an invoice for a works contract to paint buildings - Applicable law determined according to private international law rules for the court - Place of performance of the payment situated in Denmark - Jurisdiction of the Danish court - N° 1997/32

Determination in accordance with the law that governs the obligation according to the conflict rules of the court seised, or by reference to an independent concept that implies establishing the place where performance actually took place or should have taken place - N° 1998/8

Taking into account of the circumstances of the case - Place where the performance claimed actually took place or should have taken place - Goods to be received and paid for at the seller's seat - N° 1998/17

Exclusive distributorship agreement - Abusive breach of the contract and refusal of the grantor to sell - Claim for damages - Litigious obligations of the grantor - Search for the applicable law - Necessity - N° 1998/23

Sales contract - Obligation of delivery of the seller serving as basis for the claim - Place of performance located at the point of delivery of the goods to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer - Lack of jurisdiction of the French court - N° 1998/25

Contract of commercial agency - Claim of the employer aimed at having termination of the contract established and counter claim of the agent for the payment of the indemnity for end of contract - Place agreed upon for the performance by the agent and for the payment of the sums owed by the employer taken into account - N° 1998/40

Sales contract including the carrying of the goods - Obligation of delivery -Determination according to the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - Performance at the place of delivery by the seller to the carrier - N° 1998/42

Construction contract - Determination of the place of performance in accordance with the law that governs the obligation according to the conflict rules of the court seized - Payment obligation - Performance where construction planned -Identical solution as reached when determining the place in accordance with the nature of the relationship creating the obligation and the circumstances of the case - N° 1999/41

Sea and road transport - Obligation in question - Obligation to deliver - Place specified in the bill of lading both as the port of entry and as the place of delivery - No jurisdiction of the court for the place of destination of the road transport - N° 1999/47

Bank loan - Obligation to pay the amount of the loan - Determination of the place of performance according to the law governing the obligation under the conflict rules of the court seized - Rome Convention of 1980 - German law applicable to the contract - Lack of jurisdiction of the French court established on this single basis by the Court of appeal - No research of the place of performance according to the applicable law - Violation of Article 5, point 1 of the Convention - N° 1999/48

Sales contract - Delivery obligation - Place of performance where the goods were handed over to the first transporter in charge of dispatching it to the purchaser - No jurisdiction of the court for the place where the purchaser is domiciled - N° 1999/49

Sales contract - Action in payment of the remaining part of the price - Obligation in question - Obligation to pay the price - Determination of the place of performance according to the law governing the obligation under the conflict rules of the court seized -Vienna Convention on contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 11/04/1980 - Obligation to be performed at the place where the seller is domiciled - N° 1999/62

Supply contract entailing an exclusivity clause - Action for damages due to breach of the negative obligation deriving from the exclusivity clause - Place of performance of the obligation to be determined in accordance with the law governing the obligation under the conflict rules of the court seized - Rome Convention 1980 - Law of the country most closely related to the contract - Exclusivity agreement to be performed on Italy - Italian law - Will of the parties and nature of the negative obligation - Obligation to be performed in Italy - Jurisdiction of the Italian court - N° 1999/63

Seamen's employment contract - Claim of an Italian worker, domiciled in Italy, to obtain from his German employer the payment of the sums related to his remuneration - Obligation of payment to be performed in the place determined in accordance with the law governing the obligation under the conflict rules of the court seized - Will of the parties as to the applicable law - Implied choice of Italian law -Payment obligation to be performed at the place where the worker/creditor is domiciled - Jurisdiction of the Italian court - N° 1999/64

Contract for ship construction - Action to terminate the contract for non-performance of his obligations by the person placing the order - Obligation in question - Obligation to pay the price - Place of performance to be determined according to the law governing the obligation under the conflict rules of the court seized - Italian law -Performance at place of creditor's domicile - N° 1999/65

Determination of the place of performance of the obligation in accordance with the law applicable under the conflict rules of the court seised - N° 2000/1

Action founded on obligations of equal rank arising from the same contract - One of the obligations to be performed in the State of the court seised and the other in another Contracting State - Court seised not having jurisdiction to hear the whole action - N° 2000/2

Action on the basis of a general obligation of exclusivity - Obligation to be fulfilled without any geographical restriction - Jurisdiction of the courts for any of the - N° 2000/13

Action for damages for breach of a contract of commercial agency - Place of performance located in the State of the defendant’s domicile - Inapplicability of Article 5, point 1 - Applicability of the Article 2 provisions concerning general jurisdiction - Jurisdiction of the courts of the defendant’s domicile - N° 2000/29

Determination in accordance with the law applicable under the conflict rules of the court seised - Loading of freight, in a Contracting State, for the purposes of a voyage by sea performed by a carrier domiciled in another Contracting State - Damage during shipping - Summons of captain and shipper before the courts for the place of loading - Duty of the court seised to examine the applicable law before ruling on jurisdiction - N° 2000/35

Determination of the applicable law according to the conflict rules of the Rome Convention - N° 2000/48

Obligation to distribute products in a Contracting State - Jurisdiction of the courts of that State - N° 2001/44

Obligation not to do something, applicable without geographical limit - Inapplicability of Article 5(1) of the Convention - Only Article 2 of the Convention applicable - N° 2002/1

Contract of employment - Work carried out "in the territory of a Contracting State" - Meaning - Work carried out in the area of the continental shelf adjacent to a Contracting State - Included - N° 2002/2

Contract of employment - Place where the employee habitually carries out his work - Determination, where work is carried out in more than one Contracting State - Criteria - N° 2002/2

Determination of the place of performance according to the applicable substantive law - Framework agreement for the exclusive delivery of goods for packaging - Place of performance of the obligation in question in creditor's domicile - Creditor's claim that the accounts be produced and for compensation - Austrian law - Jurisdiction of the court of the creditor's domicile - N° 2002/20

Contracts made by a travel agency with a hotel for a room with half-board and "skipass" for certain fixed dates (ski packages) - Compensation provided for in the case of cancellation of the contract by the travel agency - Claim for compensation by the hotel owner following cancellation of the contract - Compensation payable at the travel agency’s head office (Germany) in accordance with the national law applicable (Austrian law) - Lack of jurisdiction by the Austrian court seised - N° 2002/21

Breach of contract for commercial agency performed in Denmark - Action for compensation for damages - Jurisdiction of the court for the place of performance - N° 2002/31

Determination under the applicable law according to the conflict of laws rules of the court seised of the case - Wrongful termination of sole distributorship contract - Determination of the place of performance in the country of the seat of the grantor without applying the foreign law held to be applicable - Not permissible - N° 2002/35

Obligation forming the basis of the claim - Warranty in respect of latent defects - Obligation to be performed at the place of delivery - Determination of the place of delivery under the law applicable to the obligation under the conflict of laws rules of the court hearing the case - International sale of goods subject to the Vienna Convention of 11 April 1980 - Applicability of the Vienna Convention - N° 2002/37

Verbal agreement between the parties on a place other than that of actual performance - Validity of the agreement - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where, according to the agreement, the obligation must be performed - N° 2003/39

Obligation forming the basis of the claim - Obligation to pay for services provided - Lack of jurisdiction of the Portuguese courts - N° 2003/46

Sale contract - Obligation to pay the purchase price - Determination in accordance with the Vienna Convention of 11 April 1980 on the International Sale of Goods - Standard terms of purchase set out on the back of a letter also functioning as an invoice, not signed by the other party to the contract - Regular supply of goods by the seller to the purchaser's domicile in contravention of those terms - Determination of the place of performance as being the purchaser's place of business - N° 2004/23

Promise by a mail order company of a prize ostensibly won – Determination according to national law – Pecuniary debt – Place of performance of the obligation in the place of the debtor's domicile – National court has no jurisdiction - N° 2005/18

Claim for payment of the remuneration for forced labour in Germany from 1944 to 1945 together with damages – Labour carried out in BMW factory – Whether Article 5(1) applicable – French courts lack jurisdiction - N° 2005/34

Impossible for defendant sued before a court of the State of his domicile, in accordance with Article 2, to rely on the jurisdiction of the courts for the place of performance of the obligation provided for in Article 5(1) – Choice for the applicant alone - N° 2005/36

Exclusive distribution contract – Principal obligation – Obligation to consign the goods - N° 2005/39

Decisive moment for determination of jurisdiction – Application of the rules of national law – Date on which the proceedings were initiated - N° 2005/46

Matters relating to a contract - Place of performance of the obligation - Promise of winning a prize on the part of a company whose seat is in Austria - Claim by a person domiciled in Germany to the prize ostensibly won - Determination of the place of performance according to the conflict of law rules of the court seised - Application of German law - Place of performance the domicile of the creditor - Jurisdiction of the German courts - N° 2006/24

Sole agency agreement - Breach of agreement - Action for damages - Performance in the territory in respect of which sole agency granted (Denmark) of the grantor's obligation to maintain the exclusive relationship - Jurisdiction of the court seised - Determination of the applicable law in accordance with Article 4(2) of the Rome Convention - N° 2006/26

Sales contract - Obligation in question - Obligation for payment - Determination of the place of performance in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - Place of performance the domicile of the seller - N° 2006/44

Sales agent domiciled in France alleged to have infringed a non-competition agreement - Termination of the contract by the principal domiciled in Italy - Action brought by the principal for a declaration that there is no obligation to pay compensation or damages - Obligation in question - Agent’s obligation arising from the non-competition agreement - Obligation to be performed in France - Italian court lacking jurisdiction - N° 2007/31

Application for contract to be declared void – Jurisdiction of the courts for the place in which the obligation alleged to be void should have been performed – Delivery and construction of a dwelling house – Place where the plot of land is situated - N° 2008/41

Assumption that the obligation is connected to a specific place - Determination of jurisdiction in favour of the courts for that place - Jurisdiction of the Italian court seised - N° 2009/53

 

Jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract - Employment contracts

Place of performance of the contractual obligation - Contract of employment - Performance in more than one Contracting State and non-contracting State - N° 1992/7

Place where the employee habitually carries out his work - Meaning Work carried out in more than one Contracting State - N° 1997/3

Contractual matters - Meaning of obligation - Agreement concluded within the framework of an employment relationship - Employer committed to an increase in value of shares held by the employee or to payment of an equivalent amount - Claim by the employee for payment of this amount - Obligation to be taken into account - Principal obligation to carry out the work - Performance in Italy - Jurisdiction of the Italian court - N° 1997/13

Place of performance - Place where the worker habitually carries out his work - Concept - Continental shelf of a Contracting State - Inclusion - Request for interpretation - N° 2000/8

Place of performance - Place where the worker habitually carries out his work - Concept - Relevant period for the determination of the place where the worker habitually carries out his work where work has been carried out in several Contracting States during several periods - Entry into force, during the period of the work relationship, of national legislation conferring jurisdiction on the courts of the place where the defendant is domiciled - Effect - Request for interpretation - N° 2000/8

Place where the employee habitually carries out his work - Definition - Employee who has concluded an initial contract with an Italian undertaking designating Turin as the place of work - Contract subsequently "on non- active status" (regime di aspettava), under the collective agreement applicable, for a limited period during which the Italian undertaking assumed the obligation to bear the costs of accommodation and travel to Munich, to enable the employee to work there on an international cooperation project in which the Italian undertaking was not participating directly - Employee who has concluded, with reference to the initial contract, a second contract of employment with a German company in Munich where he effectively carried out the work - Claim that the Italian undertaking should pay accommodation and travel costs - Jurisdiction of the German court under Article 5(1) of the Convention - Request for interpretation - N° 2001/8

Place where the employee habitually carries out his work - Determination - Employee having successively concluded two contracts with two different employers, the first contract being suspended during the performance of the second - Dispute between the employee and the first employer - N° 2003/4

"Place where the employee habitually carries out his work" within the meaning of Article 5(1) - Meaning - Work carried out by employee on fixed or floating installations situated on or above the Continental Shelf adjacent to a Contracting State - Included - N° 2003/15

"Place where the employee habitually carries out his work" within the meaning of Article 5(1) - Determination in the case where the work is carried out in several Contracting States - Criteria - N° 2003/15

Place where the worker habitually carries out his work - Concept - Transfer of a football player from a Spanish club to an Italian club - Subsequent transfer to another Spanish club - Player's share in the compensation payable on account of first transfer - Claim for payment - Interest of the first two clubs in the transfer taking place - Connecting factor especially close between the dispute and the court called upon to hear and determine it - Adequate protection of the worker - Jurisdiction of Spanish courts - N° 2006/27

Performance in more than one contracting State - Account taken of the place where, or from which, the employee performs the essential part of his duties vis-à-vis his employer - Professional sportsman - Cyclist domiciled in France having entered into a contract with an Italian company and having undertaken most of his races and training in France - Jurisdiction of the French courts - N° 2009/41

Contract made subject by the parties to Italian law and performed in France - Arbitration clause included in the contract - Unenforceable against an employee who brought proceedings in the courts having jurisdiction under the applicable rules - Indifference in that regard of the law governing the contract of employment - N° 2009/41

 

Art. 5 (2)

Maintenance obligation - Maintenance creditor - Definition - Plaintiff unable to invoke a previous judicial decision entitling her to maintenance payments from the defendant - N° 1996/6
Maintenance obligation - Action for a declaration that a father residing in Italy has no obligation to pay maintenance to his illegitimate son residing in Germany - Jurisdiction of the German courts - Necessity to ascertain preliminarily if there is a parent-child relationship - Jurisdiction of the Italian courts to establish paternity - Irrelevant to jurisdiction in matters relating to maintenance - Lack of jurisdiction of the Italian courts - N° 1993/28
Rules on jurisdiction - Autonomous interpretation - Special jurisdiction - Jurisdiction in matters relating to maintenance - Maintenance creditor - Definition - N° 1997/6
Maintenance - Scope of application - Action for recovery of maintenance brought by the State acting as statutory transferee - Included - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/8
Jurisdiction in matters relating to maintenance - Action for recovery brought by a public body subrogated to the rights of the maintenance creditor - Article 5(2) of the Convention does not apply - N° 2004/2
Exclusive jurisdiction - Enforcement of judgments - Meaning - Action seeking a declaration of cessation of entitlement to maintenance payments where there is an enforceable decision ordering the debtor to pay that maintenance as a result of an action brought within the scope of the Convention - Excluded - N° 2004/14

Art. 5 (3)

Jurisdiction ‘in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi delict’ - Concept - ‘Action paulienne’ - Not included - N° 1992/3
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred - Concept - Place where financial damage was suffered - N° 1993/6
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred and place of the event giving rise to it - Publication in France of a diffamatory newspaper article also distributed in the United Kingdom - N° 1993/7
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Interest-rate swap contracts between an English bank and a local Scottish authority - Contracts void owing to the lack of capacity of the local authority to enter into contracts of that kind - Action for restitution of the sum paid to the local authority by the bank - N° 1993/8
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Claims for damage based on the breach of an exclusive sales concession contract and on acts of unfair competition - Contract containing an agreement conferring jurisdiction on the German courts - Distinction between a claim based on contractual liability and a claim based on unfair competition - Applicability of article 5(3) to a claim based on acts of unfair competition - Harmful event and harm occurred in Italy - Jurisdiction of the Italian courts - N° 1993/21
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi delict - Concept - Autonomous interpretation - Claim aimed at establishing the non-existence of a right to put an end to the printing and distribution of a magazine - Excluded - N° 1993/26
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place of the harmful event - Concept - Place where the harmful event and the damage occurred - Unfair competition - Manufacture and marketing in Italy of a product allegedly constituting an imitation of a product manufactured by the plaintiff - Display of the Italian product in view of promoting its sale in France - Jurisdiction of the French courts - N° 1993/30
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Action seeking to prevent an impending tort from occurring - Plaintiff holder of trade marks registered in Germany - Behaviour of the defendant engendering the threat of a counterfeit - Tort which could result from the broadcasting of television programs - Article 5(3) applicable - Determination of the place of the impending tort - N° 1994/7
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred - Concept - Place where the injured party suffered a financial loss - Inclusion - N° 1994/9
Matter relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the injured person suffered a financial loss - Seat of the company alleging that it sustained injury - N° 1994/14
Jurisdiction 'in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Place where the harmful event occurred - Cross-border defamation by the press - Plaintiff's right to choose - Court of the place where the publisher is established - Jurisdiction in respect of all the harm - Courts of the places where the publication was distributed in each Contracting State where the reputation of the person harmed is injured - Jurisdiction limited to the harm caused in the State of the court seised - N° 1995/3
Jurisdiction 'in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Defamation - Assessment of the harmful character of the event in question and the evidence required of the alleged harm - Application of the conflict of laws rules of the forum - Limits - N° 1995/3
'Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Concept - Independent interpretation - Claim based on the breach of a non-contractual duty of confidentiality - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred - Place where the defendant exploited the confidential information which directly caused damage to the commercial interests of the plaintiff - Inclusion - Place where indirect financial loss is sustained by the plaintiff - Exclusion - N° 1995/19
'Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Concept - Independent interpretation - Action for finding of liability in non-contractual matters - Action brought against the manufacturer by the sub-buyer of goods - Inclusion - N° 1995/19
Jurisdiction in 'matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Place where the harmful event occurred - Plaintiff's option - Place where the damage occurred and the place of the event giving rise to it - Scope - Place where financial damage was suffered in consequence of initial damage arising and suffered by a victim in another contracting State - Excluded - N° 1996/4
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred - Place where the goods transported successively by sea and land were discovered by the consignee to be damaged - Inclusion Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage occurred - Place where the goods transported successively by sea and land were discovered by the consignee to be damaged - Inclusion - N° 1997/9
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Discrediting another's commercial reputation - Place where the causal event entailing tortious delictual or quasi-delictual liability, directly produced harm to its victim - Harm done to an Italian company - Jurisdiction of the Italian court - N° 1997/16
Matters relating to tort, delict and quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Concept - Place where the damage occurred and the place where the causal event occurred - Refusal to sell - Plaintiff holding a right of option - Place where the goods ought to have been resold by the plaintiff - N° 1997/30
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Operation of a nuclear installation - Radioactive contamination - Proceedings brought seeking a declaration, an injunction and compensation - Place where the effects of the harmful event are felt - N° 1997/41
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict and quasi-delict - Claim based on an action for copyright infringement - Place where the harmful event occurred - Option for the plaintiff between the court of the State where the author of the infringement is established and the court of the State in which the publication the subject of the infringement is distributed - Scope of the juridiction of the court for the place where the damage occurred to grant compensation - Limitation to the damages occurred in the State of this court - N° 1998/24
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict and quasi-delict - Libel - Action by plaintiffs domiciled in Ireland and the United Kingdom claiming damages for libel against the publisher domiciled in the United Kingdom - Libelous publication distributed and damage suffered in Ireland - Jurisdiction of the Irish courts - N° 1998/36
Special jurisdiction in "matters relating to a contract" and "matters relating to tort, delict or quasi delict" - Goods damaged on completion of a voyage by sea then by land - Action for compensation by the consignee against the actual maritime carrier who did not issue the bill of lading - Action concerning a matter relating to tort, delict or quasi delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Determination - Place where the damage arose - Place of delivery of the goods by the maritime carrier - N° 1999/1
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Concept - Interest rate swap agreements between an English bank and a Scottish local authority - Agreements void because ultra vires the local authority - Claim for restitution of sums paid by bank to local authority - No harmful event - Exclusion - Lack of jurisdiction of the English court - N° 1999/56
Contracts concluded by consumers - Scope - Contract concluded following an advertisement accompanied by a promise of gain - Right for the addressee to claim the price seemingly obtained - Inclusion, or failing this, classification as a contractual right within the meaning of Article 5, point 1, or tortious within the meaning of Article 5, point 3 - Request for interpretation - N° 2000/10
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Concept - Prohibition to use general conditions which are illegal or contrary to accepted principles of morality in contracts with consumers - Inclusion - Request for interpretation - N° 2000/11
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi delict - Concept - Transportation of goods by land and sea - Action for indemnity, brought on the basis of a bill of a lading, by the consignee or the insurer of the goods against a defendant not having issued the bill of a lading but considered as being the actual shipper - Inclusion - Place where the harmful event occured - Place where the report on the damage was made by the consignee - Exclusion - N° 2000/25
Application of the principle of equal treatment referred to in Article 6 of the EC Treaty (now Art. 12 EC) in the context of an action for defamation brought, pursuant to Article 5(3) of the Convention, in the place where the harmful event occurred - Connection of the action with the exercise of fundamental freedoms safeguarded by Community law - N° 2001/4
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Definition - Action for damages for breach of the legal obligation to act in good faith during precontractual negotiations - Inclusion - Request for interpretation - If not included: is it a "matter relating to a contract" - Request for interpretation - If so: Obligation forming the basis of the claim - Request for interpretation - In the alternative: Application of the general criterion in respect of jurisdiction (domicile of the defendant) - Request for interpretation - N° 2001/7
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Definition - Action brought by a shipowner against a carrier for the recovery of the payment made on the basis of contractual liability for the benefit of a third party bearer of the bill of lading - Delictual basis of the action for recovery - Permissibility - Inclusion - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred (Belgium) - N° 2001/17
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Definition - Offer for sale on Internet, from the Netherlands, of medicinal products sold exclusively by chemists, addressed in particular to customers resident in Germany - Conduct constituting an act of unfair competition - Inclusion - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the Internet server is located and all places to which the offer is addressed - Jurisdiction of the German courts - N° 2001/28
Consumer contracts - Contract for the supply of goods or contract for the supply of services following a specific invitation or advertising (Article 13(3) of the Convention) - Right of the addressee of misleading advertising to claim the prize ostensibly won without its payment being linked to an order by the addressee or to the supply of goods by the company concerned - Characterisation as a contractual claim within the meaning of Article 13(3) - If not: characterisation as a contractual claim within the meaning of Article 5(1) or a claim in tort within the meaning of Article 5(3) - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/11
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Concept - Application brought before the Labour Court Denmark, by a Danish employers’ association against a Swedish trade union for a declaration that collective industrial action in support of demands for collective agreements for workers not previously covered by such agreements, is illegal - Included - Industrial action at the notification stage - Effect - Industrial action suspended pending the decision of the Labour Court - Effect - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/12
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the causal event occurred and place where the damage was sustained - Industrial action organised by a trade union in a Member State aiming to secure a collective agreement covering workers aboard a ship registered in another Member State - Damage caused by that action arising in the State where the vessel was registered - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/12
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Meaning - Domicile of the victim of purely financial damage arising from investments of capital in another Contracting State - Included - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/15
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Meaning - Advertising on the internet involving a trademark infringement by its unauthorised use - Place where the site can be accessed - Included - Jurisdiction of the Austrian court - N° 2002/22
Matters relating to tort, delict and quasi-delict - Meaning of matters relating to tort or delict - Action for a declaration of non-infringement of a patent - Excluded - Inapplicability of Art 5(3) - N° 2002/23
Matters relating to a contract - Meaning of obligation - Wrongful termination of sole distributorship contract - Single claim for damages for breach of contractual obligations and unfair competition arising therefrom - Applicability of Article 5(1) to the exclusion of Article 5(3) - N° 2002/35
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place of the harmful event - Scope - Place where damage is incurred subsequent to the initial damage suffered by the victim in another Contracting State - Excluded - N° 2002/55
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Meaning - Action in pre-contractual liability founded on breach of rules of law during negotiations with a view to the formation of a contract - Included - N° 2003/1
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Meaning - Preventive action brought by a consumer protection organisation for an injunction to prevent a trader from using unfair terms in consumer contracts - Included - N° 2003/2
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Meaning - Preventive action brought by a consumer protection organisation seeking an injunction to prevent a trader from using unfair terms in consumer contracts - Included - N° 2003/14
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the event giving rise to the damage occurred and place where the damage was sustained - Scope - Place where the financial loss was sustained following initial damage occurred in another Contracting State - Excluded - N° 2003/17
Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where financial loss sustained - Commercial sign registered for protection in Germany - Unlawful use in another Contracting State on Internet sites - Installation of Internet server in the other Contracting State - Possibility of accessing site in Germany sufficient to found the jurisdiction of the German courts - No need for other connections with the forum - N° 2003/26
Consumer contracts - Contract for the supply of goods or services following a specific invitation addressed to the consumer or advertising (Article 13(1)(3) of the Convention) - Meaning - Misleading advertising giving the consumer the impression that he has won a prize - Consumer’s right to claim the prize supposedly won - Classification as contractual right within the meaning of Article 13(1)(3) - Simultaneous classification as a matter relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict within the meaning of Article 5(3) of the Convention - Place where the harmful event occurred - Meaning - Consumer’s domicile - N° 2003/27
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Impending wrongful act likely to give rise to a harmful event in Scotland - Application for interim measures - Admissbility - Jurisdiction of the Scottish courts - N° 2003/34
Special jurisdiction - Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Infringement of a trade mark by use of a domaine name for an Internet site - Territorial jurisdiction of the court owing to the accessibility of the Internet site - Jurisdiction of the Scottish courts - N° 2003/34
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage was sustained and place where the event giving rise to the damage occurred - Definition of the place where the harmful event occurred - Criteria for determining that place - Consideration only of damage with a direct rather than an indirect or rebound link to the harmful event - Physical disability caused by an accident in the port of Rotterdam requiring treatment first in the Netherlands and then in Greece - Damage deemed to have occurred in the Netherlands - Jurisdiction of the Greek courts - Excluded - N° 2003/37
Jurisdiction 'in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Meaning - Case concerning the legality of industrial action which comes within the exclusive jurisdiction of a court other than the court which has jurisdiction to hear any associated claims for compensation - Included - N° 2004/3
Jurisdiction 'in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Place where the harmful event occurred - Damage caused by industrial action initiated by a union in a Contracting State which had admitted a ship registered in another Contracting State into its waters - Damage deemed to have occurred in flag State - Account taken of the nationality of the ship - Limits - N° 2004/3
Jurisdiction in 'matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' - Place where the harmful event occurred -Definition - Place of domicile of claimant who has suffered financial loss arising from capital investments in another Contracting State - Excludeds - N° 2004/6
Matter relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Meaning - Action for pre-contractual liability founded on breach of legal rules during pre-contractual negotiations - Included - N° 2004/11
Matter relating to tort, delict or quasi delict - Court with jurisdiction - Court of the place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the event giving rise to the action took place and place where the damage occurred - Action for pre-contractual liability founded on breach of legal rules during pre-contractual negotiations - Jurisdiction of the court of the place where the injured company has its seat and of the place where the party concerned expressed its intention not to enter into the contract - N° 2004/11
Matter relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Unfair competition and infringement of rights - Relationship between two actions - N° 2004/26
Matter relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Infringement of rights- Place where the harmful event occurred - Operation of an internet site in Spain accessible on French territory - Action for an injunction and for compensation of damage suffered in France - Jurisdiction of the French courts - N° 2004/27
Matter relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Meaning - Unfair competition - European patent - Action seeking a declaration that the conduct of a company in competition with the patent holder was lawful - No damage - Excluded - N° 2004/32
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Meaning – Concept includes any request seeking to engage the liability of a defendant which is not connected to a contractual matter – Action brought by an insurance company – Action brought by the guarantor against the principal debtor in the context of a contract of guarantee – No authorisation for the conclusion of that contract given by the principal debtor – No civil liability of that debtor – Exclusion of matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - N° 2005/15
Jurisdiction 'in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict' – Place where the harmful event occurred – Meaning – Place of the domicile of the claimant who sustained financial loss following capital investments in another Contracting State – Excluded - N° 2005/16
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Infringement of industrial property rights – Classification in tort or delict – Jurisdiction of the court of the place where the harmful event occurred – Infringement of industrial property rights by Internet – Statement of the place where the harmful event occurred sufficient for the purposes of determining the jurisdiction of the German courts – Excluded - N° 2005/28
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Concept - Unfair competition - Included - N° 2006/18
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Defamatory statements which could damage the credit of a company made in a cross-border fax - Place where the company liable to suffer pecuniary detriment as a result of the those statements has its seat - Excluded - N° 2006/18
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Infringement of industrial property right - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the goods impugned are displayed and offered for sale - Jurisdiction of the French court - N° 2006/31
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place of the harmful event - Place where the damage occurred and place of causal event, without distinction - Place where the damage was incurred - Criteria for determining - Account to be taken only of harm linked directly rather than indirectly or by "ricochet" to the harmful event - Physical injury caused by an accident in the port of Rotterdam, which required medical treatment first in the Netherlands then in Greece - Damage deemed to have been incurred in the Netherlands - Lack of jurisdiction of Greek courts - N° 2006/34
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Concept - Place of the casual event and place where the damage occurred - Right of the claimant to choose - Scope - Place of material and non-material damage arising from harm initially manifesting itself to the victim in another Member State - Excluded - Birth of a child following professional negligence - Place where the non-material damage was incurred - Place where the child was conceived or place where the person concerned was when she became aware of the pregnancy - Place where the child was born - Excluded - N° 2006/40
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Proceedings relating to unfair competition - Included - Place where the harmful event occurred - Place where the damage materialised - Offer of sale via the Internet of medicinal products intended inter alia for customers residing in Germany - Jurisdiction of the German courts - N° 2007/18
Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict - Place where the harmful event occurred - Cross-border defamation of an Italian company in the press - German publication distributed in several Contracting States - Action for compensation for pecuniary losses suffered - Applicant’s right to choose - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where the publication was produced - Jurisdiction in respect of all damage - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where the publication was distributed - Jurisdiction limited to damage arising in the State of the court seised - N° 2007/32
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Meaning – Autonomous interpretation – Action in matters relating to breach of copyright – Included - N° 2008/22
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Meaning of place where the harmful event occurred – Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where the harmful event could occur, according to the claims made by the applicant – Included - N° 2008/22
Matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Meaning – Applicant being the copyright owner – Defendant’s conduct amounting to breach of that copyright – Obligation of the defendant to refrain from acting, resulting from that breach of copyright – Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred – Applicability of Article 5(3) - N° 2008/22

Art. 5 (5)

Disputes arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment - Definition of 'operations' - Contract entered into by a branch to be performed in a Contracting State other than that where the branch is established - N° 1993/13
Disputes arising out of the operations of a branch, an agency or other establishment - Insurance company having its seat in the United Kingdom - Transmission by an insurance broker established in France of the cover note mentioning another insurance broker in a non-contracting State - Claim for compensation against the general representative of the insurer in France - Proceedings concerning the operation by the defendant of an establishment in France - Excluded - N° 1994/27
Dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment - Definition of 'operations' - Undertakings entered into by an ancillary establishment in the name of its parent body - Undertakings to be performed abroad - Included - N° 1995/5
Branch, agency or other establishment - Dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment - Concept - Dispute concerning the rights and obligations deriving from a contract of commercial agency - Excluded - N° 1998/40
Branch, agency or other establishment - Operation of a branch - Concept - Rights and duties relating to management, commitments made in the name of the parent company and obligations assumed on its behalf - Action for payment brought against the French branch of a Portuguese parent company by one of the copartners of the branch - Action not relating to the operation of the branch -  Lack of jurisdiction of French courts - N° 2000/33
Branch, agency or other establishment - National law providing for the application to undertakings in the construction sector carrying on the supply of services of certain provisions of collective agreements declared mandatory ergo omnes - Obligation on employers established outside Germany who second workers to German territory to pay social security contributions in respect of those workers - Dispute concerning the German branch of an Italian undertaking employing Italian workers - Jurisdiction of the German courts - N° 2004/22
Branch, agency or other establishment – Meaning – Independent company established in a Contracting State acting as an ad hoc intermediary between clients established in that State and the producer established in another Contracting State - Absence of collaboration agreement between this company and the producer, absence of power to conclude contracts on his behalf and absence of involvement in the performance of contracts made between clients and the producer - Excluded - N° 2005/29

Art. 6 (1)

Number of defendants - Claim for damages - Joint liability of the defendants - Related actions - Defendant domiciled in Italy - Jurisdiction of the Italian courts - N° 1993/21
Number of defendants - Jurisdiction of the court of the domicile of one of the co-defendants - Condition - Related actions within the meaning of the Convention - Actions brought for contractual liability against a defendant domiciled in Ireland and for tortuous liability against two defendants domiciled in England - Absence of causal relationship between the alleged contractual fault and the tortuous liability - Lack of jurisdiction with respect to the foreign co-defendants - Abuse of the process of the court with respect to the Irish defendant - N° 1993/25
Plurality of defendants - Article 6(1) - Not applicable in matters relating to insurance - N° 1994/27
Plurality of defendants - Jurisdiction of the court of one of the defendants - Conditions - Connection between the claims - Purchase of a machine from a French distributor and of an accessory directly from the manufacturer established in Germany - Claims for rescission of the two transactions - Jurisdiction of the court of the place in which the registered office of the distributor was situated - N° 1995/26
Plurality of defendants - Jurisdiction extending to a defendant domiciled in another Contracting State on the ground that the dispute is indivisible from a claim against a co-defendant domiciled in a third state - Admissibility - N° 1997/9
Number of defendants - Jurisdiction of the court where one of the defendants has its domicile - Action brought by a dismissed employee against three companies of a same group in order to have the employer designated among the defendants - Seat of one of the defendants in France - Jurisdiction of the French courts - N° 1998/27
More than one defendant - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where any one of the co-defendants is domiciled - Condition - Co-defendant domiciled in a Contracting State - N° 1999/1
Number of defendants - Jurisdiction of the court for the place where one of the defendants is domiciled - Condition - Connection between the actions according to the Convention - Action for redress of the damage caused by the sale of a defective good against the seller and the intermediate society - Co-defendant participating in the financing of the purchase - Connection established - Jurisdiction of French courts - N° 1999/46
Number of defendants - Prorogation of jurisdiction agreed upon between the claimant and one of the co-defendants - Extension of the clause conferring jurisdiction to defendants not party to the agreement - Inadmissibility - N° 1999/50
Number of defendants - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where one of the co-defendants is domiciled - Conditions - Connecting link between the actions - Action relating to infringements of patents registered in two Contracting States, some committed by the defendant domiciled in the State of the court seised and others committed by the defendant not so domiciled - Request for interpretation - N° 2000/12
Number of defendants - Condition - Domicile of the co-defendant in a Contracting State - Defendant domiciled in a Contracting State and co-defendant, domiciled in a third State, subject to proceedings before the courts of another Contracting State - Jurisdiction of the courts of this latter State, with regard to the defendant, on the basis of an indivisible link with the action against the co-defendant - Inadmissibility - N° 2000/25
Number of defendants - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where any one of the co-defendants is domiciled - Conditions - Necessity of a link between the actions - Action for declaration of non-liability against a number of defendants - Defendant domiciled in another Contracting State not making any claim against the applicant - Absence of necessary link - N° 2000/41
Several defendants - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where any one of the defendants is domiciled - Defendants domiciled in Italy and in Great Britain - Proceedings lodged in Italy for compensation for damage caused in Great Britain - Improper choice of forum - No - N° 2001/43
Several defendants - Jurisdiction of the courts of the domicile of one of the co-defendants - Conditions - Applicability of Article 6(1) of the Convention - Limited to cases where the risk of irreconcilable judgments can be avoided or including cases where there is also a risk of irreconcilable judgments as between the main proceedings and other actions - Applicability of Article 6(1) of the Convention only where there is a risk of irreconcilable decisions arising from incompatible findings of law or also where there is a risk of irreconcilable decisions arising from inconsistent findings of fact - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/7
Several defendants - Jurisdiction of the courts of the domicile of one of the co-defendants - Conditions - Contractual claim brought before a court of the domicile of one defendant - Co-defendant whose domicile is in another Contracting State for the purposes of an action in tort, delict or quasi-delict, connected to the contractual claim - Request for interpretation - N° 2002/7
Several defendants - Jurisdiction of the domicile of one of the co-defendants - Conditions - Connecting link between the claims - Lack of connection between a claim for a declaration of non-infringement of a patent and an action for the cancellation of the patent - Claim against a defendant domiciled in Belgium with the sole aim of creating a forum in Belgium - Inapplicability of Article 6(1) - N° 2002/23
Multiple defendants - Jurisdiction of the court of domicile of one of the co-defendants - Conditions - N° 2003/11
More than one defendant - Actions for infringement of a European patent brought in different Contracting States against companies established in those different Contracting States - Jurisdiction of the court of the state where one of those companies has its seat - Whether there is a connection between the actions as required for application of Article 6(1) - Request for interpretation - If there is no connection: the necessary conditions for such a connection - Relevance of the fact that the companies belong to the same group of companies - Relevance of the fact that the defendants are acting together on the basis of a common policy - Relevance of the place from which that common policy originates - Relevance of the fact that the actions concern virtually the same subject matter - Request for interpretation - N° 2004/8
More than one defendant - Jurisdiction of the court of the place of domicile of one of the defendants - N° 2004/26
Multiple defendants – Jurisdiction of the court for the place where one of the co-defendants is domiciled – Condition – Connection between the actions – Action against a defendant domiciled in Belgium not seeking to give jurisdiction to the courts in Belgium – Applicability of Article 6(1) - N° 2005/20
Multiple defendants – Claimant able to choose between the courts for the place of performance of the obligation and those of the domicile of one of the defendants - N° 2005/46
More than one defendant - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where any one of the co-defendants is domiciled - Condition - Connection - Actions for infringement of a European patent brought against defendants established in different Contracting States for acts committed in those States - No connection - N° 2006/7
More than one defendant - Jurisdiction of the court of the domicile of any one of the co-defendants - Discontinuance on the part of the defendant domiciled in Spain during the oral proceedings - Jurisdiction of the Spanish courts - N° 2006/27
More than one defendant - Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where one of the co-defendants is domiciled - Cross-border defamation in the press - Action for compensation for pecuniary losses suffered brought against several parties, one of which is domiciled in Italy - Joint and several liability of the defendants - Risk of irreconcilable outcomes - Article 6(1) of the Convention applicable - Application against the defendant domiciled in Italy dismissed on the merits - No effect - N° 2007/32
More than one defendant – Jurisdiction of the courts for the place where any one of the co-defendants is domiciled – Condition – Connection – Actions for infringement of a European patent brought against defendants established in different Contracting States for acts committed in those States – No connection – Netherlands court lacking jurisdiction - N° 2008/15

Art. 6 (2)

Action on a warranty or guarantee or other third party proceedings - Agreement conferring jurisdiction between the original defendant and the third party involved - Effect - N° 1992/16
General provisions - Forum of defendant - Application to recover costs from a person not a party to the proceedings - Person domiciled in another Contracting State - Non-application of Article 2 - Jurisdiction of the court which ruled on the substance - Alternatively, application of Article 6, point 2 - N° 2000/39
Action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings - Definition of action "which was instituted solely with the object of removing [a third party] from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case" within the meaning of Article 6(2) of the Convention - No special jurisdiction where there is abuse of process - Scope - Main action brought with the sole object of bringing the action on the warranty or guarantee within the jurisdiction of a court other than that having jurisdiction according to the other provisions of the Convention - Included - N° 2003/45
Action on a warranty or a guarantee - Action between insurers on a warranty or guarantee - Whether Article 6(2) of the Convention is applicable - Request for interpretation - If Article 6(2) is applicable: whether there must be a connection between the various actions for the purposes of Article 22 of the Convention or, at the very least, whether its applicability is contingent upon evidence that there is sufficient connection between such claims to demonstrate that there has been no avoidance of jurisdiction - Request for interpretation - N° 2004/9
Third-party proceedings – Applicability to third-party proceedings based on multiple insurance – Condition – Existence of a connection with the principal claim - N° 2005/8
Action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third-party proceedings - Insurance contract - Third-party proceedings between insurers - Inapplicability of the rules on jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance under Section 3 of Title II of the Convention - Requirement of a connection between the original proceedings and the third-party proceedings in order for Article 6(2) of the Convention to apply - No connection - N° 2007/7
Action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third-party proceedings – Application for a third party to be joined to the proceedings – Abuse as to choice of forum – Conditions – Characterisation – Application for a third party to be joined to the proceedings in proceedings relating to a road traffic accident (Mont Blanc Tunnel) before the courts for the place where the defendant has its seat, those courts being already seised of the substance of the matter and having already declined jurisdiction in favour of the courts for the place where the accident occurred – Jurisdiction to determine the application to join a third party declined on the ground that the defendant is a stranger to the main proceedings – Inappropriate reasoning for characterisation of abuse as to choice of forum - N° 2008/29
Action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings – Jurisdiction dependent solely on the existence of a connection with the principal claim – Obligation to pay a sum due under the terms of a bank guarantee in default of payment by principal debtor, the other party to the contract with the applicant – Third party proceedings brought by debtor’s bank to join other banks as guarantors – Jurisdiction of the Italian court challenged by those banks on the ground that there is no connection between the principal claim and the bank’s action under a right of recourse against the other guarantor companies – No connection between the various actions for the purposes of Article 22 of the Convention – Inapplicability of Article 6(2) of the Convention – Italian court lacking jurisdiction over action under a right of recourse - N° 2008/37

Art. 6 (3)

Counterclaim - Definition - Claim for compensation - N° 1993/11
Counterclaim - Claim 'arising from the contract or the fact on which the original claim was based' - Definition - Comparison with the concept of related actions within the meaning of article 22 paragraph 3 of the Convention - N° 1993/11
Counterclaim - Claim for compensation - Application by analogy of article 6(3) - Claim not related to the contract or to the fact on which the original claim was based - Lack of jurisdiction with respect to that claim - Compensation inadmissible - N° 1993/36
Counterclaim - Principal claim aiming at the payment of the price of products delivered in the framework of an exclusive distributorship contract - Counterclaim for the payment of damages for breach of the exclusivity clause - Jurisdiction first contested before the Court of appeal - Applicability of article 6(3) - N° 1994/24
Counterclaim - Definition - Claim by the defendant in the main proceedings seeking the pronouncement of a separate judgment or decree - Defence seeking to set off a claim by the defendant against a claim by the plaintiff - Excluded - N° 1996/1
Counterclaim - Conditions - Connecting link with the original action - Principal claim for payment for goods delivered - Plea of set-off, in the form of an action for payment of a debt due on a winding up, against the branch of the original applicant - Absence of sufficient link with the original claim - Lack of jurisdiction of French courts - N° 2000/33
Counterclaim - Original claim for payment of the sale price - Counterclaim for defective performance of the sale contract by the seller - Claims founded in part on the same factual circumstances and giving rise to the same pleas - Applicability of Article 6(3) of the Convention - Jurisdiction of the court in which the original claim is pending - N° 2001/30
Prorogation of jurisdiction - Agreement conferring jurisdiction - Effects - Counterclaim brought before a court other than that agreed to - Primacy of Article 17 over Article 6(3) - N° 2001/36

Art. 6 (4)

Exclusive jurisdiction - Matters relating to immovable property - Mixed character of the action - Action in personam combined with an action in rem - Action in rem having as its object the modification of a right relating to a mortgage on immovable property situated in Spain - Jurisdiction of the Spanish courts - N° 1995/25
Prorogation of jurisdiction - Agreement conferring jurisdiction - Conflicts with a rule of mandatory or exclusive jurisdiction - Clause conferring jurisdiction included in a finance contract - Action based on the contractual relationship combined with an action in rem - Application by analogy of article 6, point 4 - Clause without effect - N° 1995/25

Art. 6a

Related actions - Concept - Risk of irreconcilable solutions - Claim for damages brought in France by the owners and operators of a ship that collided with a second ship, against the owners of the latter - Proceedings for limitation of liability incurred after the collision, brought in England by the owners of the second ship, with regard to any person claiming for damages linked to the collision, including the charterers of their ship and the owners and charterers of the first ship - Stay of the proceedings pronounced by the jurisdiction seised in second instance concerning one of the charterers of the first ship - N° 1998/31
Liability for the operation of a ship - Liability of the shipowner - Scope - Constitution of a limitation fund - Inclusion - Effects - Creation of a head of exclusive jurisdiction in favour of the court in the State in which the fund was constituted - Exclusion - Exclusive jurisdiction of the court before which the limitation fund was constituted - Absence - N° 2001/34
Lis pendens and related actions - Related action - Action for liability for collision brought in France against the owner of a ship - Claim for limitation of the liability of the said shipowner brought in Great Britain - Proceedings stayed in the British court second seised - N° 2001/34


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