The Court of Justice

Massimo PILOTTI
Born on 1 August 1879 in Rome; Italian national; Doctor of Laws, became a judge (1901); Judge of the District Court, Rome (1913); Judge of the Court of Appeal, Rome (1923); Judge of the Court of Cassation (1926); First President of the Court of Appeal, Trieste (1930); Principal State Prosecutor at the Court of Cassation (1944); President of the Public Waters Appeal Court (1948); First Honorary President of the Court of Cassation (1949); Deputy Secretary-General of the League of Nations (1932-37); President of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (1944); Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague (1949); President of the Court of Justice from 1952 to 1958; died on 29 April 1962.

Louis DELVAUX
Born on 21 October 1895 in Orp-le-Grand (Belgium); Belgian national; Doctor of Laws (1922); enrolled at the Louvain Bar, then at the Nivelles Bar; deputy for the district of Nivelles in the Chamber of Representatives (1936-46); Minister for Agriculture (1945); left politics (1946) and returned to the bar (1946-49); Chairman of the Board of the Office des séquestres (Public Sequestration Office) (1949-53); Auditor of the Banque nationale; Director of the Société nationale de la petite propriété terrienne (National Company for Small Rural Landholdings) until March 1953; engaged in journalism from 1931 to 1940 and from 1944 to 1945: ‘Le vingtième siècle', ‘Le Soir', ‘La cité'; Judge at the Court of Justice of the ECSC from 4 December 1952 to 6 October 1958; Judge at the Court of Justice of the European Communities from 7 October 1958 to 8 October 1967; died on 24 August 1976.

Jacques RUEFF
Born on 23 August 1896 in Paris; French national; Inspector General of Taxes; Member of the Institut de France; Foreign Member of the Belgian Royal Academy for Science and the Arts and of the Accademia dei Lincei; Inspector of Taxes (1923); Professor at the Institute for Statistics of the University of Paris (1923-30); Chargé de mission in the office of Raymond Poincaré, Prime Minister and Minister of Finance (1926); Member of the Economics and Finance Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations (1927); Financial Attaché at the French Embassy in London (1930); Professor at the École libre des sciences politiques (from 1933): Deputy Director for General Capital Movements at the Ministry of Finance (1934); Director for General Capital Movements (1936-39); Councillor of State on special duty (1936); Deputy Governor of the Banque de France (1939); Assistant Delegate at the first and second assemblies of the United Nations (1946); French Member of the Economics and Employment Committee of the United Nations (1946); Honorary President of the Société d'économie politique de Paris and of the Société de statistique de Paris; Honorary President of the International Council of Philosophy and Human Sciences; Judge at the Court of Justice of the ECSC from 4 December 1952 to 6 October 1958; Judge at the Court of Justice of the European Communities from 7 October 1958 to 18 May 1962. On the foundation of the Fifth Republic he oversaw the committee of experts entrusted by General de Gaulle with the preparation and implementation of the economic recovery plan one of whose most spectacular measures was the creation of the ‘franc lourd' (revalued franc). From 1962 to 1974, he was a member of the Economic and Social Council. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur, was a member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and served as Chancellor of the Institut de France. He was elected to the Académie française on 30 April 1964, to the seat of Jean Cocteau, with 18 votes to the six cast for the poet André Berry, and was received on 1 April 1965 by André Maurois. Died on 23 April 1978.

Adrianus VAN KLEFFENS
Born on 14 October 1899; Netherlands national; studied law at Leiden; worked in the General Secretariat of the League of Nations in Geneva; Judge at the Rechtbank te Amsterdam (Court of Amsterdam); Member of the International Maritime Commission; Director of the External Trade Department of the Ministry for Economic Affairs (1934); prisoner of war; in 1945 resumed work at the same ministry; associated with the development of European economic integration; principal author, on behalf of the Netherlands, of the project for Benelux Union; Judge at the Court of Justice of the ECSC from 10 December 1952 to 6 October 1958; died on 2 August 1973.

Rino ROSSI
Born in Chivenna on 14 August 1889; Italian national; Pretore (magistrate) in Caraglio (1920) and Turin (1924); President of the District Court, Rhodes (1928), appointed to the District Court, Rome (1934); Judge at the Consular Court, Cairo (1936); seconded to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (1940); President of the Court of Appeal, Rhodes (1941); Judge at the Court of Appeal, Aquila, then at the Court of Appeal, Rome (1945); seconded to the Public Prosecutor's Office at the Court of Cassation (1948); Deputy Public Prosecutor at the Court of Cassation (1951), President of Chamber of the Court of Cassation (1958); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1958 to 7 October 1964; died on 6 February 1974.

Andreas Matthias DONNER
Born on 15 January 1918 in Rotterdam; Netherlands national; Doctor of Laws (1941); collaboration, with regard to legal aspects, on ‘Schoolraad voor de Scholen met de Bijbel' and following the banning of this body by the occupier continued his activity underground (1941-45); Professor of Public Law and Administrative Law at the Free University Amsterdam (from 1945); President of the Netherlands Association for Administrative Law (1948-58); Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (from 1955); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1958 to 29 March 1979, President from 7 October 1958 to 7 October 1964; Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Groningen (1979-84); died on 24 August 1992.

Alberto TRABUCCHI
Born on 26 July 1907 in Verona; Italian national; Doctor of Laws (University of Padua, 1928); Assistant at the Institute for Jurisprudence in Padua (1929); Qualified Professor in Civil Law (1935); Professor with responsibility for civil law at Ferrara (1935-42); Professor Extraordinary of Civil Law at Venice (1941-42); Professor of Civil Law at Padua from 1942 and Professor of Comparative Private Law at the same university from 1953; Director of the Institute of Private Law at Padua from 1945; Member of the Istituto Veneto of Venice, of the Academies of Padua, Verona and Ferrara; Judge at the Court of Justice from 8 March 1962 to 12 December 1972, then Advocate General from 9 January 1973 to 6 October 1976; died on 18 April 1998..

Robert LECOURT
Born on 19 September 1908; French national; Doctor of Laws; Avocat at the cour d'appel de Paris (Court of Appeal, Paris); reserve captain; Member of the Underground Management Committee of the movement ‘Résistance' and member of the National Liberation Movement; Member of the Provisional Consultative Assembly; deputy for Paris (1945-58); deputy for Hautes-Alpes (November 1958); Minister for Justice (on several occasions between 1948 and 1958); Minister responsible for aid and cooperation between France and the Member States of the Community, subsequently for the overseas départements and territories and the Sahara (January 1959-August 1961); Member of the Executive Committee of the European Movement; Judge at the Court of Justice from 18 May 1962 to 9 October 1967, President from 10 October 1967 to 25 October 1976; died on 9 August 2004.

Riccardo MONACO
Born on 2 January 1909; Italian national; Doctor of Laws (University of Turin, 1930); Privatdozent (lecturer) in International Law (1933); Assistant Lecturer at the University of Turin; Professor of International Law at the University of Cagliari (1939-40), then at the University of Modena (1940-42); Professor at the Faculty of Law, Turin (1942-56); Professor in International Organisation at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Rome (1956-64); Judge at the Court of Turin; Councillor of State (from 1948); President of the Honorary Section of the Council of State (1956); Secretary-General of the Contentious Diplomatic Affairs Department and Head of the Legal Service; Member of the Institute of International Law; Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; Judge at the Court of Justice from 8 October 1964 to 3 February 1976; died on 18 January 2000.

Josse J. MERTENS de WILMARS
Born on 22 June 1912 in St-Niklaas Waas; Belgian national; Doctor of Laws (1934); Avocat, Member of the Conseil de l'Ordre (Bar Council) (1935); Doctor in Political and Diplomatic Sciences (1945); Board Member and subsequently President of the Vlaamse Conferentie van de Balie (Flemish Bar Conference); Member of the House of Representatives (1951-61); Member of Parliamentary Committees: Foreign Affairs, Justice and Constitutional Reform; Professor Extraordinary at the Faculty of Law of the University of Louvain; Judge at the Court of Justice from 9 October 1967 to 29 October 1980, President from 30 October 1980 to 10 April 1984; died on 1 August 2002.

Hans KUTSCHER
Born on 14 December 1911 in Hamburg; German national; studied law and political science (Graz, Freiburg im Breisgau and Berlin); Doctor of Laws (1937, Königsberg, Prussia); Official in the Ministries for Economic Affairs and Transport; Secretary of the Law Committee of the Bundestag and of the Vermittlungsausschuss (Joint Committee) of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat; Judge at the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), Karlsruhe (1955-70); Honorary Professor at the University of Heidelberg; Judge at the Court of Justice from 28 October 1970 to 6 October 1976; President from 7 October 1976 to 31 October 1980; died on 24 August 1993.

Alain Louis DUTHEILLET de LAMOTHE
Born in Limoges on 25 August 1919; French national; Doctor of Laws; degree in English; studied at the École nationale d'administration (1945-47); Legal Assistant at the Council of State, then successively appointed Legal Adviser (1954) and Member of the Council of State (1969); Commissaire du gouvernement in the Judicial Division of the Council of State (1957-69) and in the tribunal des conflits (court for resolving conflicts of jurisdiction) (1965-70); seconded for certain periods to the Interministerial Committee for European Economic Cooperation (1948-51) and to the offices of the Prime Minister (1952), the Minister for National Defence (1952-54) and the Minister for Justice (1969-70); assignments abroad by way of technical assistance; Senior Lecturer at the École nationale d'administration and at the Institut d'études politiques, Paris; regular contributor to several legal journals; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1970 to 2 January 1972, the date of his death.

Cearbhall O'DALAIGH
Born on 12 February 1911; Irish national; University College, Dublin (graduate in Celtic Studies, 1933); Barrister, King's Inns (1934); Senior Counsel (1945); Bencher of King's Inns (1946); Attorney General (1946-48 and 1951-53); Judge of the Supreme Court (1953-61); Chief Justice (1961-73); Judge at the Court of Justice from 9 January 1973 to 12 December 1974; President of Ireland (1974-76); died on 21 March 1978.

Alexander J. MACKENZIE STUART
Born on 18 November 1924; British national; Advocate at the Scottish Bar (1951); Queen's Counsel (1963); Judge of the Court of Session (1972); Judge at the Court of Justice from 9 January 1973 to 6 October 1988; President of the Court of Justice from 10 April 1984 to 6 October 1988; in recognition of his services, was created a Baron of the United Kingdom with the title of Lord Mackenzie-Stuart of Dean; died on 1 April 2000.

Jean-Pierre WARNER
Born on 24 September 1924; British national; joined British Army (February 1943); commissioned into the Rifle Brigade; served in Europe and Asia; ended military career as Acting Major (1947); obtained 1st in Law Tripos Pt. II (B.A., 1948); called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn (January 1950); practised at the Chancery Bar (1950-72); Bencher of Lincoln's Inn (from 1966); Councillor, Royal Borough of Kensington (1959-68); Director of Warner & Sons Ltd and subsidiaries (1952-70); Queen's Counsel (November 1972); Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 9 January 1973 to 26 February 1981; died on 1 February 2005.

Andreas O'KEEFFE
Born on 4 October 1912; Irish national; LL.B., University College Dublin (1936); Barrister, the King's Inns, Dublin (1935); Senior Counsel (1951); Bencher of the King's Inns (1954); Attorney General (1954 and 1957-65); Judge of the Supreme Court (1965); President of the High Court (1966); Judge at the Court of Justice from 12 December 1975 to 16 January 1985; died on 30 December 1994.

Francesco CAPOTORTI
Born in Naples on 9 February 1925; Italian national; graduated in law (Naples, 1945); Assistant Lecturer at the University of Naples (1946-52); Professor (‘Libero docente') in international law (1951); responsible for international law at the University of Naples (1951-54); Professor Extraordinary of Institutions Governed by Public Law at the University of Cagliari (1954); Resident Professor of International Law at the University of Bari (1955-68); Professor in International Organisation at the University of Naples (1968); Director of the Institute of Public Law in the Faculty of Economics and Commerce at the University of Naples (1970); Professor of Private International Law in the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Rome (1970-76); Judge at the Court of Justice from 3 February to 6 October 1976, then Advocate General from 7 October 1976 to 6 October 1982; died on 4 April 2002.

Giacinto BOSCO
Born on 25 January 1905 in Caserta; Italian national; graduated in law at the University of Naples (1925); Assistant Secretary at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (1927-32); Professor in international law at the University of Rome (1932); Head of the Faculty of Law of the University of Urbino (1932); Professor in international law at the University of Florence (1933-40) and the University of Rome (1940-75); Director, Institute of International Law in the Faculty of Economics and Commerce at the University of Rome (from 1966); Senator (1948-72); Under-Secretary of State at the Ministry of Defence (1953-58); Vice-President of the Senate (1958-60); Minister of Education (1960-62); Minister of Justice (1962-63); Minister of Labour and Social Security (1963-64 and 1966-68); Minister without Portfolio for United Nations Affairs (1968-69 and 1970); Minister for Finance (1969-1970); Minister of Post and Telecommunications (1970-72); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1976 to 6 October 1988; died on 11 October 1997.

Adolphe TOUFFAIT
Born on 29 March 1907 in Rennes; French national; holder of a Master's Degree in Private Law; Substitute Judge at the Cour d'appel de Douai, then at the Cour d'appel de Paris (1933-36); Deputy Public Prosecutor at the tribunal d'Évreux (1936-40); Public Prosecutor at the tribunal d'Évreux (1940); Director of the Department for Investigation of War Crimes (1946); Director of the Private Office of the Minister for the Armed Forces (1947-49); Director of the Private Office of the Minister of State for Information (1949-53); Director of the Private Office of the Minister of State, Vice-President of the Council (1953); First Deputy Public Prosecutor at the tribunal de la Seine (1954-56); Director of the Private Office of the Minister for Justice (1957-58); Public Prosecutor at the tribunal de la Seine (1958-61); Judge at the Cour de cassation (1961); Inspector-General of Court Services (1962); First President of the Cour d'appel de Paris (1962-68); Public Prosecutor at the Cour de cassation (1968-76); Judge at the Court of Justice from 26 October 1976 to 6 October 1982; died on 12 March 1990.

Thymen KOOPMANS
Born on 11 August 1929 in Amsterdam; Netherlands national; Doctor of Laws (University of Amsterdam, 1953); Advocaat and Procureur in Haarlem (1953-56); served in the Ministry of Justice, The Hague (1956-62); Legal Adviser in the Legal Department of the Council of the European Communities (1962-65); Full Professor (1965-78), Dean of the Faculty of Jurisprudence (1973-75), at the University of Leiden; Member of the Netherlands Royal Academy of Science (1978); Judge of the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Supreme Court of the Netherlands) (1978-79); Judge at the Court of Justice from 29 March 1979 to 29 March 1990.

Alexandros CHLOROS
Born in Athens on 15 August 1926; Greek national; degree in jurisprudence, University of Oxford; Lecturer at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth (1954), then at King's College London (1959); Professor of Comparative Law at the University of London (1966); Doctor of Laws (LLD), University of London (1972); Director of the Centre of European Law, King's College (1974); Judge at the Court of Justice from 12 January 1981 to 15 November 1982, the date of his death.

Gordon SLYNN
Born on 17 February 1930; British national; Barrister, Master of the Bench, later Treasurer, Gray's Inn; Queen's Counsel; Junior Counsel at the Labour Ministry, Junior and Leading Counsel to the Treasury; Recorder; Judge at the High Court (Queen's Bench Division); Chairman of the Employment Appeal Tribunal; Visiting Professor, University of Durham, Cornell (USA), Mercer (USA), King's College, London; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 26 February 1981 to 6 October 1988; Judge from 7 October 1988 to 10 March 1992; died on 7 April 2009.

Pieter VERLOREN van THEMAAT
Born on 16 March 1916 in Rotterdam; Netherlands national; Doctor of Laws, University of Leiden (1946); held various posts in the Ministry for Economic Affairs and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and was in particular Principal Ministerial Adviser and Director of Market Organisation (1945-58); Director-General at the Commission of the European Communities (1958-67); Professor of Social and Economic Law at the University of Utrecht (1967-81); Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 4 June 1981 to 13 January 1986; died on 4 July 2004.

G. Federico MANCINI
Born on 23 December 1927; Italian national; Titular Professor of Labour Law (Urbino, Bologna, Rome) and Comparative Private Law (Bologna); Member of the High Council of the Judiciary (1976-81); Advocate General at the Court of Justice (1982-88); Judge at the Court of Justice from 26 September 1988 to 21 July 1999, the date of his death.

Constantinos KAKOURIS
Born on 16 March 1919; Greek national; Lawyer (Athens); Junior Member and subsequently Member of the Council of State; Senior Member of the Council of State; President of the Special Court for actions against judges; Member of the Superior Special Court; General Inspector of Administrative Tribunals; Member of the Supreme Council of Magistrates; President of the Supreme Disciplinary Council at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Judge at the Court of Justice from 14 March 1983 to 6 October 1997; died on 23 March 2000.

René JOLIET
Born on 17 January 1938; Belgian national; Ordinary Professor (1974-84) and Special Professor (from 1984), Faculty of Law, University of Liège (Chair of European Community Law); Holder of the Belgian Chair at the University of London, King's College (1977); Visiting Professor at the University of Nancy (1971-78), the Europa Institute of the University of Amsterdam (1976-85), the Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve (1980-82) and Northwestern University, Chicago (1974 and 1983); Teacher of European Competition Law at the College of Europe, Bruges (1979-84); Judge at the Court of Justice from 10 April 1984 to 15 July 1995, the date of his death.

Thomas Francis O'HIGGINS
Born on 31 July 1916 in Cork; Irish national; studied law (University College and King's Inn, Dublin); Barrister (1938); Senior Counsel (1954); Member of Dáil Eireann (1948-73); Minister for Health (1954-57); Presidential Candidate (1966 and 1973); Judge of the High Court (1973); Chief Justice (1974); Judge at the Court of Justice from 16 January 1985 to 6 October 1991; died on 25 February 2003.

Jean MISCHO
Born on 7 September 1938; Luxembourg national; studied law and political science (universities of Montpellier, Paris and Cambridge); member of the Legal Service of the Commission and principal administrator in the private offices of two Members of the Commission; held various positions of responsibility in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Grand Duchy; Deputy Permanent Representative of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to the European Communities; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 13 January 1986 to 6 October 1991 and from 19 December 1997 to 6 October 2003.

José Carlos de CARVALHO MOITINHO de ALMEIDA
Born on 17 March 1936; Portuguese national; Public Prosecutor's Office, Court of Appeal, Lisbon; Chief Executive Assistant to the Minister for Justice; Deputy Public Prosecutor; Head of the European Law Office; Professor of Community Law (Lisbon); Judge at the Court of Justice from 31 January 1986 to 6 October 2000.

José Luis DA CRUZ VILAÇA
Born on 20 September 1944 in Braga; Portuguese national; degree in law from the University of Coimbra (1966); Assistant Lecturer in the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra (1967); national service in the office of the Head of the Legal Department of the Ministry of the Marine (1969-72); Doctorate in International Economics at the University of Paris I (1978); Senior Associate Member of St Anthony's College, Oxford (1984-85); Lecturer in the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra, Professor of Tax Law and Lecturer in European Studies; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 31 January 1986 to 6 October 1988; President of the Court of First Instance from 1 September 1989 to 17 September 1995.

Gil Carlos RODRIGUEZ IGLÉSIAS
Born on 26 May 1946; Spanish national; Assistant Lecturer and subsequently Professor (Universities of Oviedo, Freiburg im Breisgau, Autónoma and Complutense of Madrid, and Granada); Judge at the Court of Justice from 31 January 1986 to 6 October 2003, President from 7 October 1994 to 6 October 2003.

Manuel DIEZ de VELASCO
Born on 22 May 1926; Spanish national; former Professor of Public and Private International Law at the following universities: Grenada, Barcelona and Universidad Autónoma, Madrid; First Professor of Public International Law at the Universidad Complutense, Madrid; Judge of the Spanish Constitutional Court (1980-86); elector member of the Council of State; Member of the Real Academia de Jurisprudencia (Madrid); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1988 to 6 October 1994; died on 20 October 2009.

Walter VAN GERVEN
Born on 11 May 1935; Belgian national; Professor at the Catholic University of Leuven, the University of Chicago and the University of Amsterdam; Vice-Rector and Member of the Academic Council and Organising Authority of the Catholic University of Leuven; Advocate (Dendermonde, Leuven, Brussels); Chairman of the Commission on Banking; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1988 to 6 October 199494.

Giuseppe TESAURO
Born on 15 November 1942; Italian national; Titular Professor of International Law and Community Law at the University of Naples; Advocate before the Court of Cassation; Member of the Council for Contentious Diplomatic Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1988 to 4 March 1998.

Paul Joan George KAPTEYN
Born on 31 January 1928; Netherlands national; official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Professor, Law of International Organisations (Utrecht and Leiden); Member of the Raad van State; President of the Chamber for the Administration of Justice at the Raad van State; Member of the Royal Academy of Science; Member of the Administrative Council of the Academy of International Law, The Hague; Judge at the Court of Justice from 29 March 1990 to 6 October 2000.

John L. MURRAY
Born on 17 June 1943; Irish national; Barrister (1967) and Senior Counsel (1981); private practice at the Bar of Ireland; Attorney General (1987); former Member of the Council of State; former Member of the Bar Council of Ireland; Bencher of the Honourable Society of King's Inns; Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1991 to 5 October 1999.

Antonio Mario LA PERGOLA
Born 1931; Professor of Constitutional Law and General and Comparative Public Law at the Universities of Padua, Bologna and Rome; Member of the High Council of the Judiciary (1976-78); Member of the Constitutional Court and President of the Constitutional Court (1986-87); Minister for Community Policy (1987-89); elected to the European Parliament (1989-94); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1994 to 31 December 1994; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 1 January 1995 to 14 December 1999; Judge at the Court of Justice from 15 December 1999 to 3 May 2006; died on 18 July 2007.

Georges COSMAS
Born on 14 July 1932; Greek national; called to the Athens Bar; Junior Member of the Greek Council of State in 1963; Member of the Greek Council of State in 1973 and State Counsellor (1982-94); Member of the Special Court which hears actions against judges; Member of the Superior Special Court which, in accordance with the Greek Constitution, has competence to harmonise the case-law of the three supreme courts of the country and ensures judicial review of the validity of both legislative and European elections; Member of the High Council of the Judiciary; Member of the High Council of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; President of the Trademark Court of Second Instance; Chairman of the Special Legislative Drafting Committee of the Ministry of Justice; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1994 to 6 October 2000.

Peter JANN
Born 1935; Doctor of Law of the University of Vienna (1957); appointed Judge and assigned to the Federal Ministry of Justice (1961); Judge in press matters at the Straf-Bezirksgericht, Vienna (1963-66); spokesman of the Federal Ministry of Justice (1966-70) and subsequently appointed to the international affairs department of that Ministry; Adviser to the Justice Committee and spokesman at the Parliament (1973-78); appointed as Member of the Constitutional Court (1978); permanent Judge-Rapporteur at that court until the end of 1994; Judge at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 to 6 October 2009.

Hans RAGNEMALM
Born on 30 March 1940; Swedish national; Doctor of Law and Professor of Public Law at Lund University; Professor of Public Law and Dean at the University of Stockholm; Parliamentary Ombudsman; Judge at the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden; Judge at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 to 6 October 2000.

Leif SEVÓN
Born on 31 October 1941; Finnish national; Doctor of Law (OTL) of the University of Helsinki; Director at the Ministry of Justice; Adviser in the Trade Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Judge at the Supreme Court; Judge at the EFTA Court; President of the EFTA Court; Judge at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 to 16 January 2002.

Nial FENNELLY
Born on 3 May 1942; Irish national; M.A. (Econ.) from University College, Dublin; Barrister-at-Law; Senior Counsel; Chairman of the Legal Aid Board and of the Bar Council; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 until 6 October 2000.

Krateros IOANNOU
Born on 3 June 1935; Greek national; called to the Thessaloniki Bar in 1963; received Doctorate in International Law from the University of Thessaloniki in 1971; Professor of Public International Law and Community Law in the Law Faculty of the University of Thrace; Honorary Legal Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Member of the Hellenic Delegation to the General Assembly of the UN from 1983; Chairman of the Committee of Experts on the Improvement of the Procedure under the Convention on Human Rights of the Council of Europe from 1989 to 1992; Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 1997 to 10 March 1999, the date of his death.

Antonio SAGGIO
Born on 19 February 1934; Italian national; Judge, Naples District Court; Judge at the Court of Appeal, Rome, and subsequently the Court of Cassation; attached to the Ufficio Legislativo del Ministero di Grazia e Giustizia; Chairman of the General Committee in the Diplomatic Conference which adopted the Lugano Convention; Legal Secretary to the Italian Advocate General at the Court of Justice; Professor at the Scuola Superiore della Pubblica Amministrazione, Rome; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 17 September 1995; President of the Court of First Instance from 18 September 1995 to 4 March 1998; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 5 March 1998 to 6 October 2000; died on 26 January 2010.

Dámaso Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer
Born 1949; Judge; Member of the Consejo General del Poder Judicial (General Council of the Judiciary); Professor; Head of the Private Office of the President of the Consejo General del Poder Judicial; ad hoc Judge at the European Court of Human Rights; Judge at the Tribunal Supremo (Supreme Court) from 1996; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 to 12 November 2009, the date of his death.

José Narciso da Cunha Rodrigues
Born 1940; various offices within the judiciary (1964-77); government assignments to carry out and coordinate studies on reform of the judicial system; Government Agent at the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights (1980-84); expert on the Human Rights Steering Committee of the Council of Europe (1980-85); member of the Review Commission for the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure; Principal State Counsel (1984-2000); member of the Supervisory Committee of the European Union Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) (1999-2000); Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 2000 to 8 October 2012.

Ján KLUČKA
Born 1951; Doctor of Law from the University of Bratislava (1974); Professor of International Law at Kosice University (since 1975); Judge at the Constitutional Court (1993); Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague (1994); Member of the Venice Commission (1994); Chairman of the Slovakian Association of International Law (2002); Judge at the Court of Justice from 11 May 2004 to 6 October 2009.

Pranas KŪRIS
Born 1938; graduated in law from the University of Vilnius (1961); Doctorate in legal science, University of Moscow (1965); Doctor in legal science (Dr. hab), University of Moscow (1973); Research Assistant at the Institut des hautes études internationales (Director: Professor C. Rousseau), University of Paris (1967-68); Member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (1996); Doctor honoris causa of the Law University of Lithuania (2001); various teaching and administrative duties at the University of Vilnius (1961-90); Lecturer, Assistant Professor, Professor of Public International Law, Dean of the Faculty of Law; several governmental posts in the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service and Lithuanian Ministry of Justice; Minister for Justice (1990-91), Member of the State Council (1991), Ambassador of the Republic of Lithuania to Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands (1992-94); Judge at the (former) European Court of Human Rights (June 1994 to November 1998); Judge at the Supreme Court of Lithuania and subsequently President of the Supreme Court (December 1994 to October 1998); Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (from November 1998); has participated in various international conferences; member of the delegation of the Republic of Lithuania for negotiations with the USSR (1990-92); author of numerous publications (approximately 200); Judge at the Court of Justice from 11 May 2004 to 6 October 2010.

Pernilla LINDH
Born 1945; law graduate of the University of Lund; Legal Secretary and Judge at the District Court, Trollhättan (1971-74); Legal Secretary at the Court of Appeal, Stockholm (1974-75); Judge at the District Court, Stockholm (1975); Adviser on Legal and Administrative Matters to the President of the Court of Appeal, Stockholm (1975-78); Special Adviser at the Domstolverket (National Courts' Administration) (1977); Adviser in the office of the Chancellor of Justice (1979-80); Associate Judge at the Court of Appeal, Stockholm (1980-81); Legal Adviser at the Ministry of Trade (1981-82); Legal Adviser, and subsequently Director and Director-General for Legal Affairs, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1982-95); title of Ambassador in 1992; Vice-President at the Swedish Market Court; responsible for legal and institutional issues at the time of the EEA negotiations (Deputy Chairperson, then Chairperson, of the EFTA Group) and at the time of the negotiations for the accession of the Kingdom of Sweden to the European Union; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 18 January 1995 to 6 October 2006; Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 2006 to 6 October 2011.

Albert VAN HOUTTE
Born on 12 November 1914 in Nieuwkapelle; Belgian national; Doctor of Laws (1938), degree in political and social economy (1940) at the Catholic University of Louvain; Assistant Lecturer at the Institute of Economic Sciences of the Catholic University of Louvain (1939-40); Lawyer (1938-40); Economics and Tax Adviser of the Boerenbond, Principal Private Secretary of the Minister for Agriculture (1944-45); Secretary of the European Office of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in Rome, responsible for the liquidation of the International Institute of Agriculture (1946-49); Chairman of the Belgian Committee of the FAO, Member of the FAO Council and of various committees (1950-53); Registrar of the Court of Justice of the ECSC from 26 March 1953 to 6 October 1958 and of the Court of Justice of the European Communities from 7 October 1958 to 9 February 1982; died on 15 May 2002.

Paul HEIM
Born on 23 May 1932 in Vienna; British national; studied law at Kings College, University of Durham, and Lincoln's Inn (1950-55); called to the bar in London; Deputy Registrar at the Supreme Court of Kenya (1955); practised as a lawyer (1957-58 and 1961-62); Judge of first instance (1958); Senior Deputy Registrar at the Supreme Court of Kenya (1963); Assistant Administrator in the Registry of the European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg (1965); Administrator in the Secretariat of the European Commission of Human Rights (1966); Administrator (1967), Principal Administrator (1969), Deputy Head of the Private Office (1969-73) at the Council of Europe; Head of Division (1973), Director of the Sessions Service (1980), at the European Parliament; Registrar of the Court of Justice from 10 February 1982 to 9 February 1988.

Jean-Guy GIRAUD
Born on 12 April 1944; French national; law degrees from the University of Paris I, the Institut d'études politiques, Paris, and the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Administrator in the General Secretariat of the European Parliament; Principal Administrator in the Secretariat of the Committee on Budgets; Head of Division in the Secretariat of the Committee on Institutional Affairs and the Committee on Budgets; Adviser, and subsequently Director, in the Private Office of the President of the European Parliament (institutional, legal and budgetary matters); Acting Director of the Directorate-General for Committees; Registrar of the Court of Justice from 10 February 1988 to 9 February 1994.

Roger Grass
Born 1948; Graduate of the Institut d'études politiques, Paris, and awarded higher degree in public law; Deputy Procureur de la République attached to the Tribunal de grande instance, Versailles; Principal Administrator at the Court of Justice; Secretary-General in the office of the Procureur Général attached to the Court of Appeal, Paris; Private Office of the Minister for Justice; Legal Secretary to the President of the Court of Justice; Registrar of the Court of Justice from 10 February 1994 to 6 October 2010.

The General Court

José Luis da Cruz Vilaça
Born 1944; Professor of Revenue Law (Coimbra), and of Community law (Lisbon); Founder and Director of the Institute of European Studies (Lisbon); Co-founder of the Centre for European Studies (Coimbra); Stat Secretary (at the Ministry of Interior, to the President of the Council and Member of the Committee on European Integration); Member of the Portuguese Parliament; Vice-President of the Christian Democratic Group; Advocate General at the Court of Justice; President of the Court of First Instance from 1 September 1989 to 17 September 1995.

Donal Patrick Michael Barrington
Born 1928; Barrister; Senior Counsel; Specialist in constitutional and commercial law; Judge at the High Court; Chairman of the General Council of the Bar of Ireland; Bencher of King's Inns; Chairman of the Educational Committee Council of King's Inns; Judge at the Court of first Instance from 1 September 1989 to 10 January 1996.

Antonio Saggio
Born 1934; Judge, Naples District Court; Adviser to the Court of Appeal, Rome, and subsequently the Court of Cassation; attached to the Ufficio Legislativo del Ministerio di Grazia e Giustizia; Chairman of the General Committee in the Diplomatic Conference which adopted the Lugano Convention; Legal Secretary to the Italian Advocate General at the Court of Justice; Professor at the Scuola Superiore della Pubblica Amministrazione, Rome; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 17 September 1995; President of the Court of First Instance from 18 September 1995 to 4 March 1998; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 5 March 1998 to 6 October 2000; died on 26 January 2010.

David Alexander Ogilvy Edward
Born on 14 November 1934; British national; Advocate (Scotland); Queen's Counsel (Scotland); Clerk, and subsequently Treasurer, of the Faculty of Advocates; President of the Consultative Committee of the Bars and Law Societies of the European Community; Salvesen Professor of European Institutions and Director of the Europa Institute, University of Edinburgh; Special Adviser to the House of Lords Select Committee on the European Communities; Honorary Bencher, Gray's Inn, London; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 9 March 1992; Judge at the Court of Justice from 10 March 1992 to 7 January 2004.

Heinrich Kirschner
Born 1938; Magistrate, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, Official at the Ministry of Justice (Department of Community Law and Human Rights); Assistant in the officie of the Danish member of the Commission and subsequently penalties in the Federal Ministry of Justice; Principal of the Minister's Officie, final post; Director (Ministerialdirigent) of an under-department dealing with criminal law; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 6 February 1997.

Christos Yeraris
Born 1938; Greek national; Member of the Simvoulio tis Epikratias (Council of State) and subsequently State Counsellor; Member of the Anotato Idiko Dikastirio (Superior Special Court) and of the Dikastiria Simaton (Trade Mark Courts); Adviser to the Government on the application of Community law; Professor of Community Law at the National School of Public Administration and the Adult Education Institute; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 1 September 1989 to 18 September 1992.

Romain Schintgen
Born 1939; university studies in the Faculties of Law and Economics at Montpellier and Paris; Doctor of Laws (1964); Lawyer (1964); Lawyer-advocate (1967); General Administrator at the Ministry of Labour and Social Security; Member (1978-89), then President (1988-89), of the Economic and Social Council; Director of the Société nationale de crédit et d'investissement and of the Société européenne des satellites (until 1989); Member (1993-95), then Chairman of the Board (1995-2004), of the International University Institute of Luxembourg; Lecturer at the University of Luxembourg; Government Representative on the European Social Fund Committee, the Advisory Committee on Freedom of Movement for Workers and the Administrative Board of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (until 1989); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 11 July 1996; Judge at the Court of Justice from 12 July 1996 to 14 January 2008.

Cornelis Paulus Briët
Born 1944; Executive Secretary, D. Hudig & Co., Insurance Broker, and subsequently Executive Secetary with Granaria B.V.; Judge, Arrondissementsrechtsbank (District Court), Rotterdam; Member of the Court of Justice of the Dutch Antilles; Cantonal Judge, Rotterdam; Vice-President, Arrondissementsrechtsbank Rottedam; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 17 September 1998.

Bo Vesterdorf
Born 1945; Lawyer-linguist at the Court of Justice; Administrator in the Ministry of Justice; Examining Magistrate; Legal Attaché in the Permanent Representation of Denmark to the European Communities; Temporary Judge at the Østre Landsret (Court of Appeal); Head of the Constitutional and Administrative Law Division in the Ministry of Justice; Director of a department in the Ministry of Justice; University Lecturer; Member of the Steering Committee on Human Rights at the Council of Europe (CDDH), and subsequently Member of the Bureau of the CDDH; in 2004 Member of the "Ad-hoc committee on judicial training" at the Academy of European Law, Trier (Germany); Judge at the Court of First Instance since 25 September 1989; President of the Court of First Instance from 4 March 1998 to 17 September 2007.

Rafael García-Valdecasas y Fernández
Born 1946; Abogado del Estado (at Jaén and Granada); Registrar to the Economic and Administrative Court of Jaén, and subsequently of Cordoba; Member of the Bar (Jaén and Granada); Head of the Spanish State Legal Service for cases before the Court of Justice of the European Communities; Head of the Spanish delegation in the working group created at the Council of the European Communities with a view to establishing the Court of First Instance of the European Communities; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 25 September 1989 to 17 September 2007.

Jacques Biancarelli
Born 1948; Inspector at the Treasury; Junior Member and subsequently Member of the Conseil d'État; Legal Adviser to several ministers; Lecturer in a number of French professional colleges and institutes of heigher education; Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice; Head of Legal Department, Crédit Lyonnais; President of the Association Européenne pour le Droit Bancaire et Financier (AEDBF); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 1 September 1989 to 17 Septembr 199595.

Koen Lenaerts
Born 1954; lic.iuris, Ph.D. in Law (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Master of Laws, Master in Public Administration (Harvard University); Lecturer (1979-83), subsequently Professor of European Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (since 1983); Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice (1984-85); Professor at the College of Europe, Bruges (1984-89); Member of the Brussels Bar (1986-89); Visiting Professor at the Harvard Law School (1989); Judge at the Court of First Instance of the European Communities from 25 September 1989 to 6 October 2003; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.

Christopher William Bellamy
Born 1946; Barrister, Middle Temple; Queen's Counsel, specialising in Commercial law, European Law and public Law; co-author of the three first editions of "Bellamy & Child, Common Market Law of Competition", Judge at the Court of First Instance from 10 March 1992 to 15 December 1999.

Andreas Kalogeropoulos
Born 1944; lawyer (Athens); legal secretary to Judges Chloros and Kakouris at the Court of Justice; professor of public and Community law (Athens); legal adviser; senior attaché at the Court of Auditors; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 18 September 1992 to 17 September 1998.

Virpi TIILI
Born 1942; Doctor of Laws of the University of Helsinki; assistant lecturer in civil and commercial law at the University of Helsinki; Director of Legal Affairs and Commercial Policy at the Central Chamber of Commerce of Finland; Director-General of the Office for Consumer Protection, Finland; member of a number of committees and advisory bodies, inter alia Chairperson of the Supervisory Commission for the Marketing of Medicinal Products (1988-90), member of the Advisory Council on Consumer Affairs (1990-94), member of the Competition Council (1991-94) and member of the editorial board of the Nordic Intellectual Property Law Review (1982-90); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 18 January 1995 to 6 October 2009.

Pernilla Lindh
Born 1945; law graduate of the University of Lund; Legal Secretary and Judge at the District Court, Trollhättan (1971-74); Legal Secretary at the Court of Appeal, Stockholm (1974-75); Judge at the District Court, Stockholm (1975); Adviser on Legal and Administrative Matters to the President of the Court of Appeal, Stockholm (1975-78); Special Adviser at the Domstolverket (National Courts' Administration) (1977); Adviser in the office of the Chancellor of Justice (1979-80); Associate Judge at the Court of Appeal, Stockholm (1980-81); Legal Adviser at the Ministry of Trade (1981-82); Legal Adviser, and subsequently Director and Director-General for Legal Affairs, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1982-95); title of Ambassador in 1992; Vice-President at the Swedish Market Court; responsible for legal and institutional issues at the time of the EEA negotiations (Deputy Chairperson, then Chairperson, of the EFTA Group) and at the time of the negotiations for the accession of the Kingdom of Sweden to the European Union; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 18 January 1995 to 6 October 2006; Judge at the Court of Justice from 7 October 2006 to 6 October 2011.

André Potocki
Born 1950; Secretary General to the First President of the Cour de CAssation (1988); Vice-President of the Tribunal de Grande Instance, Paris (1990); Head of the European and International Affairs of the Ministry of Justice (1991); Judge, Court of Appeal, Paris, and Associate Professor at Paris X, Nanterre University (1994); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 18 September 1995 to 19 September 2001.

Rui Manuel Gens de Moura Ramos
Born 1950; Professor, Law Faculty, Coimbra, and the Law Faculty of the Catholic University, Oporto; Jean Monnet Chair; Course Director at the Academy of International Law, The Hague, (1984) and visiting professor at Paris I Law University (1995); Protuguese Government delegate to United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 18 September 1995 to 31 March 2003.

John D. Cooke
Born 1944; called to the Bar of Ireland 1966; admitted also to the Bars of England & Wales, of Northern Ireland and of New South Wales; Practising barrister 1966-1996; admitted to the Inner Bar in Ireland (Senior Counsel) 1980 and New South Wales 1991; President of the Council of the Bars and Law Societies of the European Community (CCBE) 1985-1986; Visiting Fellow, Faculty of Law, University College Dublin; Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators; President of the Royal Zoological Society of Ireland 1987-90; Bencher of the Honorable Society of Kings Inns, Dublin; Honorary Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, London; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 10 January 1996 to 15 September 2008.

Jörg Pirrung
Born 1940; academic assistant at the University of Marburg; Doctor of Laws (University of Marburg); adviser, subsequently head of the section for private international law and, finally, head of a subdivision for civil law in the German Federal Ministry of Justice; member of the Governing Council of Unidroit (1993-1998); chairman of the commission of the Hague Conference on Private International Law to draw up the Convention concerning the protection of children (1996); honorary professor at the University of Trier (private international law, international procedural law, European law); member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign Private and Private International Law in Hamburg since 2002; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 11 June 1997 to 17 September 2007.

Paolo Mengozzi
Born 1938; Professor of International Law and holder of the Jean Monnet Chair of European Community law at the University of Bologna; Doctor honoris causa of the Carlos III University, Madrid; visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University (Bologna Center), the Universities of St. Johns (New York), Georgetown, Paris-II, Georgia (Athens) and the Institut universitaire international (Luxembourg); co-ordinator of the European Business Law Pallas Program of the University of Nijmegen; member of the consultative committee of the Commission of the European Communities on public procurement; Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry during the Italian tenure of the Presidency of the Council; member of the working group of the European Community on the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and director of the 1997 session of The Hague Academy of International Law research centre devoted to the WTO; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 4 March 1998 to 3 May 2006; Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 4 May 2006.

Arjen W. H. Meij
Born 1944; Justice at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (1996); Judge and Vice-President at the College van Beroep voor het Bedrijfsleven (Administrative Court for Trade and Industry) (1986); Judge Substitute at the Court of Appeal for Social Security, and Substitute Member of the Administrative Court for Customs Tariff Matters; Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1980); Lecturer in European Law in the Law Faculty of the University of Groningen and Research Assistant at the University of Michigan Law School; Staff Member of the International Secretariat of the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce (1970); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 17 September 1998 to 13 September 2010.

Hubert Legal
Born 1954; State Counsellor (France); graduate of the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud and of the École nationale d'administration; Associate Professor of English (1979-1985); rapporteur and subsequently Commissaire du Gouvernement in proceedings before the judicial sections of the Conseil d'État (1988-1993): legal adviser in the Permanent Representation of the French Republic to the United Nations in New York (1993-1997); Legal Secretary in the Chambers of Judge Puissochet at the Court of Justice (1997-2001); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 19 September 2001 to 17 September 2007.

Daniel Šváby
Born 1951; Doctor of Laws (University of Bratislava); Judge at District Court, Bratislava; Judge, Appeal Court, responsible for civil law cases, and Vice-President, Appeal Court, Bratislava; member of the civil and family law section at the Ministry of Justice Law Institute; acting Judge responsible for commercial law cases at the Supreme Court; Member of the European Commission of Human Rights (Strasbourg); Judge at the Constitutional Court (2000-04); Judge at the Court of First Instance from 12 May 2004 to 6 October 2009; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2009.

Verica Trstenjak
Born 1962; Judicial service examination (1987); Doctor of Laws of the University of Ljubljana (1995); professor (since 1996) of theory of law and State (jurisprudence) and of private law; researcher; postgraduate study at the University of Zurich, the Institute of Comparative Law of the University of Vienna, the Max Planck Institute for private international law in Hamburg, the Free University of Amsterdam; visiting professor at the Universities of Vienna and Freiburg (Germany) and at the Bucerius School of Law in Hamburg; head of the legal service (1994-96) and State Secretary in the Ministry of Science and Technology (1996-2000); Secretary-General of the Government (2000); Member of the Study Group on a European Civil Code since 2003; responsible for a Humboldt research project (Humboldt Foundation); publication of more than 100 legal articles and several books on European and private law; Prize of the Association of Slovene Lawyers ‘Lawyer of the Year 2003'; Member of the editorial board of a number of legal periodicals; Secretary-General of the Association of Slovene Lawyers and member of a number of lawyers' associations, including the Gesellschaft für Rechtsvergleichung; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 7 July 2004 to 6 October 2006; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 7 October 2006 to 28 November 2012.

Hans Jung
Born 1944; Assistant, and subsequently Assistant Lecturer at the Faculty of Law (Berlin); Rechtsanwalt (Frankfurt am Main); Lawyer-linguist at the Court of Justice; Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice in the Chambers of the President, Mr Kutscher, and subsequently in the Chambers of the German judge; Deputy Registrar at the Court of Justice; Registrar of the Court of First Instance since 10 October 1989; died on 26 September 2009.

Heikki Kanninen
Born 1952; graduate of the Helsinki School of Economics and of the Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki; Legal Secretary at the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland; General Secretary to the Committee for Reform of Legal Protection in Public Administration; Principal Administrator at the Supreme Administrative Court; General Secretary to the Committee for Reform of Administrative Litigation, Counsellor in the Legislative Drafting Department of the Ministry of Justice; Assistant Registrar at the EFTA Court; Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities; Judge at the Supreme Administrative Court (1998-2005); Member of the Asylum Appeal Board; Vice-Chairman of the Committee on the Development of the Finnish Courts; Judge at the Civil Service Tribunal from 6 October 2005 to 6 October 2009; Judge at the Court of First Instance since 7 October 2009.

Paul J. Mahoney
Born in 1946; law studies (Master of Arts, Oxford University, 1967; Master of Laws, University College London, 1969); Lecturer, University College London (1967-73); Barrister (London, 1972-74); Administrator/ Principal Administrator, European Court of Human Rights (1974-90); Visiting Professor at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada (1988); Head of Personnel, Council of Europe (1990-93); Head of Division (1993-95), Deputy Registrar (1995-2001), Registrar of the European Court of Human Rights (2001 to September 2005); President of the Civil Service Tribunal from 6 October 2005 to 6 October 2011.

Haris Tagaras
Born in 1955; law graduate (University of Thessaloniki, 1977); Special Diploma in European Law (Institute for European Studies, Free University of Brussels, 1980); Doctorate in Law (University of Thessaloniki, 1984); Lawyer-linguist at the Council of the European Communities (1980-82); Researcher at the Thessaloniki Centre for International and European Economic Law (1982-84); Administrator at the Court of Justice of the European Communities and at the Commission of the European Communities (1986-90); Professor of Community Law, International Private Law and Human Rights at Athens Panteion University (since 1990); external consultant for European matters at the Ministry of Justice and member of the Permanent Committee of the Lugano Convention (1991-2004); member of the national Postal and Telecommunications Commission (2000-02); member of the Thessaloniki Bar, lawyer to the Court of Cassation; founder member of the Union of European Lawyers (UAE); associate member of the International Academy of Comparative Law; Judge at the Civil Service Tribunal from 6 October 2005 to 6 October 2011.

Stéphane Gervasoni
Born in 1967; graduate of the Institute for Political Studies of Grenoble (1988) and the École nationale d'administration (1993); member of the Conseil d'État (Rapporteur in the Contentious Proceedings Division, 1993-97, and in the Social Affairs Division, 1996-97); Maître des requêtes, 1996-98); Councillor of State (since 2008); Maître de conférences at the Institut d'études politiques, Paris (1993-95); Commissaire du gouvernement attached to the Special Pensions Appeal Commission (1994-96); Legal Adviser to the Ministry of the Civil Service and to the City of Paris (1995-97); Secretary-General of the Prefecture of the Département of the Yonne, Sub-Prefect of the district of Auxerre (1997-99); General Secretary to the Prefecture of the Département of Savoie, Sub-Prefect of the district of Chambéry (1999-2001); Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (September 2001 to September 2005); titular member of the NATO Appeals Commission (2001-05); Judge at the Civil Service Tribunal from 6 October 2005 to 6 October 2011.