Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), 7 November 2013

Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X and Y and Z v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel

Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands)

Directive 2004/83/EC — Minimum standards relating to the conditions for granting refugee status or subsidiary protection status — Article 10(1)(d) — Membership of a particular social group — Sexual orientation — Reason for persecution — Article 9(1) — Concept of ‘persecution’ — Well-founded fear of being persecuted on account of membership of a particular social group — Acts sufficiently serious to justify such a fear — Legislation criminalising homosexual acts — Article 4 — Individual assessment of the facts and circumstances

Joined Cases C‑199/12 to C‑201/12

Reports of Cases

published in the electronic Reports of Cases (Court Reports - general)