Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 5 September 2012.

Bundesrepublik Deutschland v Y (C-71/11) and Z (C-99/11).

References for a preliminary ruling: Bundesverwaltungsgericht - Germany.

Directive 2004/83/EC - Minimum standards for determining who qualifies for refugee status or for subsidiary protection status - Article (2)(c) - Classification as a ‘refugee’ - Article 9(1) - Definition of ‘acts of persecution’ - Article 10(1)(b) - Religion as ground for persecution - Connection between the reasons for persecution and the acts of persecution - Pakistani nationals who are members of the Ahmadiyya religious community - Acts by the Pakistani authorities designed to prohibit the manifestation of a person’s religion in public - Acts sufficiently serious for the person concerned to have a well-founded fear of being persecuted on account of his religion - Individual assessment of the facts and circumstances - Article 4.

Joined cases C-71/11 and C-99/11.

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