Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 12 April 2013 —
AKM v Commission

(Case T‑432/08)

Competition — Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — Copyright relating to the public performance of musical works via the internet, satellite and cable retransmission — Decision finding an infringement of Article 81 EC — Sharing of the geographic market — Bilateral agreements between national collecting societies — Concerted practice excluding the possibility of granting multi-territorial, multi-repertoire licences — Evidence — Presumption of innocence

1.                     Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — Adverse effect on competition — Reciprocal representation agreements between national copyright management societies — Exclusive membership clauses with collective copyright management societies linked to the nationality of authors — Anti-competitive object — Market-sharing arrangement — Partitioning of the market — Particularly serious infringements — Prohibition (Art. 81(1) EC) (see para. 61)

2.                     Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — Adverse effect on competition — Criteria for assessment — Anti-competitive object — Sufficient — Distinction between infringements by subject matter and by effect (Art. 81(1) EC) (see paras 62-65)

3.                     Competition — Administrative procedure — Powers of the Commission — Finding of an infringement which has been terminated — Legitimate interest in making the finding — Danger of a return to the incriminated practice requiring clarification of the legal position (Art. 81(1) EC; Council Regulation No 1/2003, Art. 7(2)) (see para. 66)

4.                     Competition — Administrative procedure — Commission decision finding an infringement — Burden of proving the infringement borne by the Commission — Extent of the burden of proof (Art. 81(1) EC; Council Regulation No 1/2003, Art. 2) (see paras 79, 126)

5.                     Union law — Principles — Fundamental rights — Presumption of innocence — Procedures in competition matters — Decision finding an infringement but not imposing a fine — Applicability (Art. 81(1) EC; Art. 6(2) EU; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Art. 48(1)) (see paras 80-84)

6.                     Competition — Administrative procedure — Commission decision finding an infringement — Means of proof — Reliance on a body of evidence — Degree of evidential value necessary as regards items of evidence viewed in isolation — Evidence based solely on the conduct of undertakings — Evidential obligations of undertakings disputing the reality of the infringement — Obligations of the Commission challenging the plausibility of the explanations proposed by the undertakings (Art. 81(1) EC; Council Regulation No 1/2003, Art. 2) (see paras 85-89, 95, 149)

7.                     Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — Prohibition — Agreements which continue to produce their effects after they have formally ceased to be in force — Application of Article 81 EC (Art. 81(1) EC) (see para. 111)

8.                     Agreements, decisions and concerted practices — Concerted practice — Parallel conduct — Presumption that a concertation exists — Limits — Refusal by national copyright management societies to allow a user established in another Member State direct access to their repertoire — Adverse effect on competition (Art. 81(1) EC) (see para. 125)

Re:

APPLICATION for annulment in part of Commission Decision C(2008) 3435 final of 16 July 2008 relating to a proceeding under Article 81 of the EC Treaty and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (Case COMP/C2/38.698 — CISAC).

Operative part

The Court:

1. Annuls Article 3 of Commission Decision C(2008) 3435 final of 16 July 2008 relating to a proceeding under Article 81 of the EC Treaty and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (Case COMP/C2/38.698 — CISAC) in so far as it concerns Staatlich genehmigte Gesellschaft der Autoren, Komponisten und Musikverleger reg. Gen. mbH (AKM);

2. Annuls Article 4 of Decision C(2008) 3435 final, to the extent that it refers to Article 3 thereof, in so far as it concerns AKM;

3. Dismisses the action as to the remainder;

4. Orders the Commission to bear its own costs and to pay one half of those incurred by AKM;

5. Orders AKM to bear one half of its own costs;

6. Orders the Republic of Austria to bear its own costs.