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Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 May 2018

K. v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie and H.F. v Belgische Staat

Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats Middelburg and the Raad voor Vreemdelingenbetwistingen

Reference for a preliminary ruling — Citizenship of the European Union — Right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States — Directive 2004/38/EC — Second subparagraph of Article 27(2) — Restrictions on the right of entry and the right of residence on grounds of public policy, public security or public health — Expulsion on grounds of public policy or public security — Conduct representing a genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society — Person whose asylum application has been refused for reasons within the scope of Article 1F of the Geneva Convention or Article 12(2) of Directive 2011/95/EU — Article 28(1) — Article 28(3)(a) — Protection against expulsion — Residence in the host Member State for the previous ten years — Imperative grounds of public security — Meaning

Case C-331/16

Documents in the Case

Document

Date

Name of the parties

Subject-matter

Curia

EUR-Lex

Autres Liens

Judgment (OJ)

15/06/2018

K. (Right of residence and alleged war crimes)

Citizenship of the Union

Judgment
ECLI:EU:C:2018:296

02/05/2018

K. (Right of residence and alleged war crimes)

Citizenship of the Union

Judgment (Summary)
ECLI:EU:C:2018:296

02/05/2018

K. (Right of residence and alleged war crimes)

Citizenship of the Union

Application (OJ)

19/08/2016

K. (Right of residence and alleged war crimes)

Citizenship of the Union

Opinion
ECLI:EU:C:2017:973

14/12/2017

K. (Right of residence and alleged war crimes)

Citizenship of the Union

Legal analysis of the decision or of the case

Reports of Cases

published in the electronic Reports of Cases (Court Reports - general)

Subject-matter

Information not available

Systematic classification scheme

1 The legal order of the European Union
  1.09 Non-discrimination and citizenship of the Union
    1.09.03 Right of entry and of residence
      1.09.03.02 Restrictions justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health

Citations of case-law or legislation

References in grounds of judgment

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007), Article 7 : paragraphs 35, 36, 63
TEU, Article 2 : paragraphs 44, 46, 60, 66
TEU, Article 3 : paragraphs 44, 46, 60, 66
Directive 2004/38 : paragraphs 24, 41, 62, 69
Directive 2004/38 -A07P1 : paragraph 73
Directive 2004/38 -A16 : paragraph 75
Directive 2004/38 -A16P1 : paragraphs 5, 73, 74
Directive 2004/38 -A27P1 : paragraphs 6, 39, 45
Directive 2004/38 -A27P2 : paragraphs 6, 21, 23, 25, 36, 38, 53, 65
Directive 2004/38 -A27P2L1 : paragraphs 34, 47, 48, 51
Directive 2004/38 -A27P2L2 : paragraphs 1, 49, 56, 58, 60, 61
Directive 2004/38 -A28 : paragraph 7
Directive 2004/38 -A28P1 : paragraphs 1, 23, 25, 68, 69, 76
Directive 2004/38 -A28P2 : paragraphs 73, 77
Directive 2004/38 -A28P3LA : paragraphs 1, 23, 25, 71 - 73, 75, 77
Directive 2011/95 -A12P2 : paragraphs 8, 36, 38, 43, 46, 47, 50, 53, 59, 65
Commission - COM Document (Other than Draft Legislation) - 52009DC0313 : paragraph 24
Commission - COM Document (Other than Draft Legislation) - 52009DC0313 -PT3.3 : paragraph 25
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N29 : paragraph 56
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N77 : paragraph 52
Court of Justice - Judgment C -371/08 -N82 : paragraph 52
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 : paragraph 22
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N104 : paragraph 50
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 : paragraph 22
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N25 : paragraph 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N28 : paragraph 72
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N43 : paragraph 42
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N44 : paragraph 42
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N50 : paragraph 62
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N52 : paragraph 63
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N33 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N34 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N35 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N36 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N37 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N38 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N39 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -162/09 -N40 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/09 : paragraph 22
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/09 -N23 : paragraph 40
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/09 -N28 : paragraph 42
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N46 : paragraph 73
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N47 : paragraph 74
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N51 : paragraph 74
Court of Justice - Judgment C -430/10 -N40 : paragraph 61
Court of Justice - Judgment C -434/10 -N47 : paragraph 64
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N79 : paragraph 41
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 : paragraph 19
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 -N60 : paragraph 58
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 -N61 : paragraph 58
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 -N62 : paragraph 58
Court of Justice - Opinion C -331/16 : paragraphs 45, 64
Court of Justice - Judgment C -193/16 -N18 : paragraph 40
Court of Justice - Judgment C -316/16 -N44 : paragraph 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -316/16 -N61 : paragraphs 73N, 73

Operative part

Interprets : TEU, Article 2
Interprets : TEU, Article 3
Interprets : Directive 2004/38 -A16
Interprets : Directive 2004/38 -A27P2
Interprets : Directive 2004/38 -A28P1
Interprets : Directive 2004/38 -A28P2
Interprets : Directive 2004/38 -A28P3LA
Interprets : Directive 2011/95 -A12P2

Opinion

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007), Article 4 : points 125, 128
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007), Article 7 : points 1, 44, 54, 110, 116, 128, 145, 150
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007), Article 24 -P2 : point 116
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007), Article 52 -P3 : point 116
TEU, Article 2 : point 65
TEU, Article 3 : point 65
TEU, Article 21 -P1 : point 65
Accession Treaty 2012 - Act, Article 3 : point 139
Directive 64/221 -A08 : point 128
Directive 64/221 -A09 : point 128
Decision 2002/494 -C3 : point 113
Decision 2002/494 -C7 : point 113
Decision 2003/335 -C7 : point 113
Directive 2004/38 : points 2, 4, 49, 149
Directive 2004/38 -A02P02LD : point 35
Directive 2004/38 -A02P2LD : point 50
Directive 2004/38 -A03P1 : point 50
Directive 2004/38 -A07P1 : point 142
Directive 2004/38 -A16P1 : points 139, 142, 147
Directive 2004/38 -A27 : points 11, 36, 80, 99, 117
Directive 2004/38 -A27P1 : points 6, 63
Directive 2004/38 -A27P2 : points 1, 6, 19, 29, 41, 45, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 68 - 70, 76, 79, 83, 84, 86, 92, 97, 99, 103, 105 - 107, 111, 115, 133, 150
Directive 2004/38 -A27P2L1 : point 27
Directive 2004/38 -A27P2L2 : points 23, 26
Directive 2004/38 -A28 : point 7
Directive 2004/38 -A28P1 : points 27, 29, 109, 117, 121 - 123, 126, 128, 129, 136, 150
Directive 2004/38 -A28P2 : points 136, 142
Directive 2004/38 -A28P3 : point 136
Directive 2004/38 -A28P3LA : points 1, 27, 29, 109, 134, 138, 140, 142, 145 - 147, 150
Directive 2004/38 -C17 : point 142
Directive 2004/38 -C23 : points 119, 134, 145
Directive 2004/38 -C24 : points 119, 135, 145
Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LA : point 3
Regulation 1987/2006 -A24P1 : point 32
Regulation 1987/2006 -A24P2 : points 32, 83
Regulation 1987/2006 -A24P3 : point 32
Directive 2008/115 -A03PT4 : point 122
Directive 2008/115 -A03PT5 : point 122
Directive 2008/115 -A07P4 : point 86
Directive 2008/115 -A08P3 : point 122
Directive 2011/95 : point 51
Directive 2011/95 -A12P2 : points 3, 8, 45, 81, 82, 93
Directive 2011/95 -A12P2LB : point 94
Directive 2011/95 -A12P2LC : point 94
Directive 2011/95 -A12P3 : point 93
Directive 2011/95 -A24P1 : point 99
Directive 2011/95 -C22 : point 77
Regulation 604/2013 -C22 : point 97
Commission - COM Document (Other than Draft Legislation) - 52008DC0840 : point 134
Commission - COM Document (Other than Draft Legislation) - 52009DC0313 -PT3.3 : points 27, 29, 118
Court of Justice - Judgment C -41/74 -N17 : point 98
Court of Justice - Judgment C -36/75 -N26 : point 60
Court of Justice - Judgment C -36/75 -N27 : point 60
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N21 : point 52
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N27 : points 24, 83
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N28 : points 24, 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N29 : points 24, 72
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N33 : point 60
Court of Justice - Judgment C -30/77 -N34 : point 60
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/96 -N25 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -181/97 -N30 : point 50
Court of Justice - Opinion C -357/98 : point 128
Court of Justice - Judgment C -357/98 -N43 : point 128
Court of Justice - Judgment C -100/01 -N43 : point 111
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N65 : point 53
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N68 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N77 : points 71, 106
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N78 : point 106
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N79 : point 106
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N93 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -482/01 -N95 : point 115
Court of Justice - Judgment C -503/03 -N56 : point 84
Court of Justice - Judgment C -50/06 -N41 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -33/07 -N25 : point 83
Court of Justice - Judgment C -33/07 -N29 : point 111
Court of Justice - Judgment C -138/07 -N23 : point 50
Court of Justice - Opinion C -145/09 -N45 : point 135
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N101 : point 82
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N103 : point 24
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N104 : points 24, 81
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N105 : points 24, 82
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N110 : point 125
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N115 : point 51
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N116 : point 51
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N117 : point 51
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N118 : point 51
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N119 : point 51
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N120 : point 51
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N87 : point 91
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N88 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N89 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N90 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N91 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N92 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N93 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N94 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N95 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N96 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N97 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N98 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -57/09 -N99 : points 94, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N2 : point 122
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N31 : point 146
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N49 : point 112
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N50 : points 72, 145
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N52 : point 116
Court of Justice - Judgment C -145/09 -N53 : point 124
Court of Justice - Judgment C -325/09 -N55 : point 148
Court of Justice - Judgment C -325/09 -N63 : point 148
Court of Justice - Judgment C -325/09 -N64 : point 147
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/09 -N2 : point 122
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/09 -N23 : point 60
Court of Justice - Judgment C -348/09 -N30 : points 24, 72
Court of Justice - Judgment C -400/10 -N53 : point 116
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N47 : point 142
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N60 : point 139
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N61 : point 139
Court of Justice - Judgment C -424/10 -N62 : point 139
Court of Justice - Judgment C -430/10 -N38 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -430/10 -N40 : point 111
Court of Justice - Judgment C -434/10 -N37 : point 63
Court of Justice - Judgment C -434/10 -N47 : point 112
Court of Justice - Judgment C -147/11 -N35 : point 139
Court of Justice - Judgment C -378/12 -N25 : point 147
Court of Justice - Judgment C -400/12 -N23 : point 146
Court of Justice - Judgment C -400/12 -N32 : point 147
Court of Justice - Judgment C -400/12 -N33 : point 147
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N77 : points 80, 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N79 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N86 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N87 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N88 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N89 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N90 : point 99
Court of Justice - Judgment C -373/13 -N92 : point 24
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 -N52 : point 86
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 -N59 : point 83
Court of Justice - Judgment C -554/13 -N62 : point 106
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N58 : point 53
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N64 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N65 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N66 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N67 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N81 : point 116
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N83 : point 63
Court of Justice - Judgment C -165/14 -N86 : point 124
Court of Justice - Judgment C -304/14 -N36 : point 116
Court of Justice - Judgment C -304/14 -N39 : point 62
Court of Justice - Judgment C -304/14 -N41 : point 116
Court of Justice - Judgment C -304/14 -N42 : point 124
Court of Justice - Judgment C -304/14 -N46 : point 71
Court of Justice - Judgment C -573/14 -N72 : point 91
Court of Justice - Judgment C -161/15 -N2 : point 122
Court of Justice - Opinion C -316/16 -N59 : point 142

Dates

Date of the lodging of the application initiating proceedings

13/06/2016

Date of the Opinion

14/12/2017

Date of the hearing

Information not available

Date of delivery

02/05/2018

References

Publication in the Official Journal

Judgment: OJ C 231 from 02.07.2018, p.4

Application: OJ C 326 from 05.09.2016, p.11

Name of the parties

K. (Right of residence and alleged war crimes)

Notes on Academic Writings

Carlier, Jean-Yves ; Renaudière, Géraldine: Libre circulation des personnes dans l'Union européenne, Journal de droit européen 2018 p.141-151 (FR)
Gazin, Fabienne: Ordre public et crimes contre l'humanité, Europe 2018 Juillet Comm. nº 7 p.15-17 (FR)
Pfersich, Andreas: Unionsbürgerschaft, Recht, sich im Hoheitsgebiet der Mitgliedstaaten frei zu bewegen und aufzuhalten, Beschränkungen des Einreise- und Aufenthaltsrechts, Ausweisung, gegenwärtige und erhebliche Gefahr, Grundinteresse der Gesellschaft, Ablehnung eines Asylantrages nach Art. 1 Abschnitt F GFK, zwingende Gründe der öffentlichen Sicherheit, Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik 2018 p.213 (DE)
Terlouw, A.B. ; Bruin, R.J.A.: Hoop voor langdurig rechteloos verblijvende 1F'ers, Nederlands tijdschrift voor Europees recht 2018 nr. 7/8 p.211-216 (NL)
Carlier, Jean-Yves ; Renaudière, Géraldine: Libre circulation des personnes dans l'Union européenne, Journal de droit européen 2019 p.166-175 (FR)
Benlolo Carabot, Myriam: Citizenship, integration, and the public policy exception : B and Vomero and K. and H.F., Common Market Law Review 2019 VOL.56 N°3 p.771-801 (EN)
Benlolo Carabot, Myriam: VI. Citoyenneté - Cour de justice, gde ch., 2 mai 2018, K. c/ Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie et H.F. c/ Belgische Staat, aff. jointes C-331/16 et C-366/16, ECLI:EU:C:2018:296, Jurisprudence de la CJUE 2018. Décisions et commentaires (Ed. Bruylant - Bruxelles) 2019, p. 259-262 (FR)

Procedural Analysis Information

Source of the question referred for a preliminary ruling

Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats Middelburg - Netherlands

Subject-matter

Citizenship of the Union
area of freedom, security and justice
- Border checks

Provisions of national law referred to

Information not available

Provisions of international law referred to

Convention de Genève relative au statut des réfugiés (28/07/1951), article 1er, section F, sous a) et b)

Procedure and result

Reference for a preliminary ruling

Formation of the Court

grande chambre (Cour)

Judge-Rapporteur

Vilaras

Advocate General

Saugmandsgaard Øe

Language(s) of the Case

Dutch

Language(s) of the Opinion

French