Reports of Cases

2010 I-10979

Subject-matter

Reference for a preliminary ruling – Bundesverwaltungsgericht – Interpretation of Articles 3 and 12(2)(b) and (c) of Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted (OJ 2004 L 304, p. 12) – National of a non-member country who in his country of origin actively supported the armed struggle of an organisation included in the list of terrorist organisations in the annex to Council Common Position 2002/462/CFSP of 17 June 2002 (OJ 2002 L 160, p. 32) and has been tortured and twice sentenced to life imprisonment in that country – Application of the provisions of Directive 2004/83/EC excluding the grant of refugee status to a person who has carried on terrorist activity in his country of origin – Power of the Member States to grant refugee status on the basis of their constitutional provisions in the face of a ground of exclusion from that status under that directive

Systematic classification scheme

Citations of case-law or legislation

References in grounds of judgment

• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 63 -L1PT1 : paragraph 78
• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 63 -L1PT1LC : paragraph 76
• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 68 : paragraph 71
• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 234 : paragraph 71
• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2000) : paragraphs 14, 78
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 : paragraphs 25, 84, 89, 93
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A01P1 : paragraphs 26, 30
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A01P2 : paragraph 27
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A01P3 : paragraph 27
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A01P6 : paragraph 30
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A02 : paragraph 30
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A03 : paragraph 30
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A04 : paragraph 30
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -N : paragraphs 28 - 30, 79, 88, 90
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2002/340 : paragraph 29
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 : paragraph 93
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 -A01 : paragraph 31
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 -A02 : paragraph 32
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 -A02P2LB : paragraphs 92, 93
• Directive 2004/83 : paragraphs 87, 119
• Directive 2004/83 -A01 : paragraph 17
• Directive 2004/83 -A02 : paragraph 18
• Directive 2004/83 -A02LA : paragraph 118
• Directive 2004/83 -A02LC : paragraph 107
• Directive 2004/83 -A02LD : paragraph 107
• Directive 2004/83 -A02LG : paragraph 116
• Directive 2004/83 -A03 : paragraphs 1, 19, 113 - 115, 121
• Directive 2004/83 -A12 : paragraphs 20, 73, 107
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P2 : paragraphs 72, 89, 101, 107, 109, 110, 113, 115, 117, 121
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LB : paragraphs 1, 79, 80, 81, 85, 86, 88, 90 - 93, 95, 98 - 100, 102, 105, 106, 108, 111
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LC : paragraphs 1, 79, 80, 82, 84 - 86, 88, 90 - 93, 95, 98 - 100, 102, 105 - 108, 111
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P3 : paragraph 94
• Directive 2004/83 -A13 : paragraph 21
• Directive 2004/83 -A14 : paragraph 22
• Directive 2004/83 -A14P1 : paragraph 74
• Directive 2004/83 -A14P3LA : paragraphs 73, 74
• Directive 2004/83 -A14P4LA : paragraph 101
• Directive 2004/83 -A18 : paragraph 21
• Directive 2004/83 -A21 : paragraph 23
• Directive 2004/83 -A21P2 : paragraph 101
• Directive 2004/83 -A38 : paragraph 24
• Directive 2004/83 -A39 : paragraph 24
• Directive 2004/83 -C3 : paragraphs 11, 77
• Directive 2004/83 -C6 : paragraph 12
• Directive 2004/83 -C9 : paragraphs 13, 118
• Directive 2004/83 -C16 : paragraphs 15, 77
• Directive 2004/83 -C17 : paragraphs 15, 77
• Directive 2004/83 -C22 : paragraph 16
• Decision 2010/386 : paragraph 30
• Court of Justice - Judgment C -175/08 : paragraphs 71, 77, 78
• Court of Justice - Judgment C -31/09 : paragraphs 77, 78

Operative part

• Interprets : Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -N
• Interprets : Directive 2004/83 -A03
• Interprets : Directive 2004/83 -A12P2
• Interprets : Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LB
• Interprets : Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LC

Opinion

• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 63 -P1PT1LC : point 9
  
• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 68 -P1 : point 1
  
• EC Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 234 : point 1
  
• EU Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 15 : point 10
  
• EU Treaty (Amsterdam), Article 34 : point 10
  
• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007) : point 45
  
• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2007), Article 18 : point 8
  
• TEU, Article 2 : point 7
  
• TEU, Article 3 -P5 : point 7
  
• TEU, Article 6 -P1L1 : point 8
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 : points 10, 11, 48
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A01P1 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A01P3 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A02 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -A03 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C1 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C2 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C3 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C4 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C5 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C6 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2001/931 -C7 : point 10
  
• Common Foreign and Security Policy 2002/340 -A01 : point 11
  
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 : point 66
  
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 -A01 : point 61
  
• Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) - 32002F0475 -A02 : point 12
  
• Directive 2004/83 : point 82
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A01 : point 15
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A02LC : point 15
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A03 : points 16, 35, 101, 102
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A12 : point 38
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P2 : points 17, 35, 78, 79, 87, 92, 100, 106, 107
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LB : points 1, 35, 38, 48, 50, 56, 66, 71 - 73, 76, 79, 83, 84, 87 - 89, 94, 98, 107
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P2LC : points 35, 38, 48, 71 - 73, 76, 79, 83, 84, 87 - 89, 94, 98, 107
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A12P3 : points 17, 73, 79, 107
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A14P3 : points 35, 38
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A14P3LA : point 18
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A21P1 : point 19
  
• Directive 2004/83 -A21P2 : point 87
  
• Directive 2004/83 -C3 : point 14
  
• Directive 2004/83 -C6 : point 14
  
• Directive 2004/83 -C8 : point 14
  
• Directive 2004/83 -C22 : points 14, 62
  
• Court of Justice - Judgment C -41/74 : point 74
  
• General Court - Judgment T -229/02 : point 73
  
• Court of Justice - Judgment C -175/08 : points 38, 42, 44
  

Dates

Date of the lodging of the application initiating proceedings

• 10/02/2009

Date of the Opinion

• 01/06/2010

Date of the hearing

Information not available

Date of delivery

09/11/2010

References

Publication in the Official Journal

Applications: OJ C 129 from 06.06.2009, p.3

Judgment: OJ C 13 from 15.01.2011, p.4

Name of the parties

B and D

Notes on Academic Writings

1. Thurnher, Viktor ; Meusburger-Hammerer, Gabriele: Kein allgemeiner Grundsatz der Gleichbehandlung von Minderheitsaktionären, European Law Reporter 2009 p.393-398 (DE)
2. Grand, Rémi: La CJUE précise l'application de la clause d'exclusion du statut de réfugié pour crimes graves ou terrorisme, L'actualité juridique ; droit administratif 2010 p.2136 (FR)
3. Aubert, Michel ; Broussy, Emmanuelle ; Donnat, Francis: Chronique de jurisprudence de la CJUE. Réfugiés - Causes d'exclusion du statut, L'actualité juridique ; droit administratif 2010 p.2307-2308 (FR)
4. Van Eik, Marieke: Asiel en Migrantenrecht 2010 p.546-547 (NL)
5. Vatovec, Katarina: Zgolj pripadnost teroristični organizaciji ne vodi k izključitvi iz statusa begunca, Pravna praksa 2010 nº 46 p.25-26 (SL)
6. Gappmaier, Joachim: Vormalige Beteiligung des Antragstellers an den Aktivitäten von terroristischen Organisationen als Grund für den Ausschluss von der Anerkennung als Flüchtling, Fremden- und asylrechtliche Blätter - FABL 2010 n° 3 p.38-42 (DE)
7. Simon, Denys: Statut de réfugié, Europe 2011 Janvier Comm. nº 1 p.21-22 (FR)
8. Schieber, Julia: Flüchtlingseigenschaft, Ausschlussgründe, Verhältnis harmonisierter Flüchtlingsstatus zum Asylgrundrecht EZAR NF 68 Nr. 10, Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik 2011 p.145-146 (DE)
9. Bell, Roland: Ist die EuGH-Rechtsprechung zum Ausschluss vom Flüchtlingsschutz effektiv?, Informationsbrief Ausländerrecht 2011 p.214-215 (DE)
10. De la Torre Monmany, José María: Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia (Gran Sala) de 9 de noviembre de 2010, en los asuntos acumulados C-57/09 y C-101/09, República Federal de Alemania contra B (C-57/09) y D (C-101/09), peticiones de decisión prejudicial del Bundesverwaltungsgericht, Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto 2011 nº 45 p.211-221 (ES)
11. Pérez González, Carmen: Terrorismo y exclusión del estatuto de refugiado: un análisis a partir de la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea dictada en el asunto B. y D. contra la República Federal de Alemania, Revista General de Derecho Europeo 2011, nº 23, p. 1-29 (ES)
12. Janků, Linda: Vyloučení osob podezřelých z terorismu z postavení uprchlíka: Sjednocený výklad Soudního dvora EU a jeho aplikace členskými státy, Jurisprudence : specialista na komentování judikatury 2014 nº 1 p.21-28 (CS)
13. Delzangles, Béatrice ; Louvaris, Antoine: Visas humanitaires et Charte des droits fondamentaux : la confrontation n'a pas eu lieu, Journal de droit européen 2017 nº 239 p.170-176 (FR)
14. Carlier, Jean-Yves ; Leboeuf, Luc: Droit européen des migrations, Journal de droit européen 2018 p.95-110 (FR)
15. Carlier, Jean-Yves ; Leboeuf, Luc: Droit européen des migrations, Journal de droit européen 2019 nº 3 p.114-130 (FR)

Procedural Analysis Information

Source of the question referred for a preliminary ruling

Bundesverwaltungsgericht - Germany

Subject-matter

• area of freedom, security and justice
  
• - asylum policy
  

Provisions of national law referred to

Ausländergesetz (AuslG), Paragraph 51, Abs. 1 und 2 Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG), Paragraph 60

Ausländergesetz (AuslG), Paragraph 51 Abs. 3 Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG), Paragraph 60 Abs. 8 Asylverfahrensgesetz (AsylVfG), Paragraph 3 Abs. 2 Asylverfahrensgesetz (AsylVfG), Paragraph 73

Provisions of international law referred to

Information not available

Procedure and result

• Reference for a preliminary ruling
  

Formation of the Court

grande chambre (Cour)

Judge-Rapporteur

Bay Larsen

Advocate General

Mengozzi

Language(s) of the Case

• German
  

Language(s) of the Opinion

• Italian