Notas de Investigação
As notas de investigação são elaboradas a pedido do Tribunal de Justiça ou do Tribunal Geral sobre uma matéria específica. Para promover a compreensão mútua das legislações nacionais, é tornada pública uma seleção de notas de investigação.
As notas de investigação são estudos comparativos solicitados pelo Tribunal de Justiça ou pelo Tribunal Geral no âmbito de um processo pendente. Estas notas podem incidir sobre uma ou várias questões ou temas e incluir uma comparação dos ordenamentos jurídicos dos Estados‑Membros, permitindo uma melhor compreensão das questões em causa. Os domínios do direito abrangidos pelas notas de investigação variam em função dos processos pendentes no Tribunal de Justiça e no Tribunal Geral.
As notas de investigação contêm uma análise da forma como a questão é tratada em vários ordenamentos jurídicos. Esta análise é resumida numa síntese comparativa estruturada.
As notas são redigidas em francês. A síntese comparativa é traduzida para inglês antes da sua publicação.
Segue-se a lista completa das notas publicadas.
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National mechanisms for actions against decisions taken under Article 16(3) of Framework Decision 2002-584
- mandado de captura europeu
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Principes généraux en droit de l’Union
- FR (Documento PDF, que abre num novo tab)
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The allocation of costs in national labour law litigation
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Judicial assistants within international and national courts comparable to the General Court of the European Union
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Reducing pensions payable
- Segurança social
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Preconditions for taking office as a Member of the European Parliament laid down in national electoral regulations
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The classification of interest due in the event of repayment of unlawful administrative penalties as default interest
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Conditions governing the admissibility of legal actions, brought by competitors of a successful tenderer, which were not participants in a negotiated procedure without prior publication of a contract notice
- Contratos públicos da União Europeia
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Internal mechanisms within the higher courts of the Member States to ensure consistency of case-law
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Agreements conferring jurisdiction made between parties established in the same Member State
- Cooperação judiciária em matéria civil
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Application of the VAT system to the activity of members of the board of directors of a public limited company
- Fiscalidade
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Applicability of the principle of the retroactivity of the more lenient criminal law (lex mitior) to final criminal convictions and the effects of the invalidation of criminal provisions on the application of that principle
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Protection, through copyright, of official texts and technical standards
- Copyright and related rights
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Collective management of copyright and related rights in the Member States
- Copyright and related rights
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Review of the lawfulness of detention of third-country nationals – Scope of own-motion reviews and applicable rules
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Personal civil liability of the directors of commercial companies for the infringement of an intellectual property right
- Cooperação judiciária em matéria civil
- Aproximação das legislações
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Names and citations of anonymised cases
- Disposições institucionais
- Proteção dos dados
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Role of the criminal court in the event of a breach of the accused person's right to be informed of his or her procedural rights
- Carta dos direitos fundamentais
- cooperação judiciária em matéria penal
- Justiça e assuntos internos
- Aproximação das legislações
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Declarations by Member States under Article 55(1) of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement
- Carta dos direitos fundamentais
- cooperação judiciária em matéria penal
- Política de imigração
- Pincípios, objectivos e missões dos Tratados
- Aproximação das legislações
- Saúde pública
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Extrajudicial divorce: rules, procedures and cross-border recognition in Member States
- Cooperação judiciária em matéria civil
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Anti-Dumping Agreement – Concept of 'destined for consumption'
- Política comercial
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Cross-appeals
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Procedures for the appointment and designation of judges in the Member States and the role played by the executive or legislature in those procedures
- Direitos fundamentais
- Carta dos direitos fundamentais
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Management autonomy of national sports federations and whether public procurement rules apply to them
- Contratos públicos da União Europeia
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Public access to personal data relating to road traffic offences
- Pincípios, objectivos e missões dos Tratados
- Proteção dos dados
- Aproximação das legislações
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Impact of ongoing criminal proceedings on the conduct of disciplinary proceedings
- Disposições institucionais
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Requirement for judges to declare their financial interests
- Direitos fundamentais
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Existing internal review mechanisms in international and national courts
- Propriedadade intelectual, industrial e comercial
- Aproximação das legislações
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Scope of the requirement of independence of lawyers
- Pincípios, objectivos e missões dos Tratados
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Possibility and conditions of an incidental review of the procedure leading to a judge’s appointment
- Disposições institucionais
- Estatuto dos Funcionários e Regime Aplicável a Outros Agentes
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Rights of former directors of a company in liquidation to bring legal proceedings in the name of that company
- Política económica e monetária
- Banco Central Europeu (BCE)
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Anonymity of the parties on the publication of court decisions
- Proteção dos dados
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Nationality requirements in amateur athletics competitions
- Cidadania da União
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Scope of the principle of the legality of taxation, particularly in relation to value added tax
- Fiscalidade
- Imposto sobre o valor acrescentado
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The use of promissory notes in relations with consumers
- Protecção dos consumidores
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Methods of management of confidential data in the context of national judicial proceedings
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Supervision of courts’ compliance with personal data protection rules when acting in their judicial capacity
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Conditions and procedures relating to involuntary loss of nationality
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Freedom of expression of parliamentarians
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Recognition of kafala in the Member States, in particular in connection with the right of entry and residence in Member States
- Direitos de entrada e de permanência
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Supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products
- Propriedadade intelectual, industrial e comercial
- Aproximação das legislações
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Decisive date for assessing the ‘unaccompanied minor’ status of a refugee in order for his parents to enjoy a preferential right to family reunification with him
- política de asilo
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Admissibility of court actions against ‘soft’ law measures
- Disposiçõoes processuais
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Application of the Cilfit case-law by national courts or tribunals against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law
- Pincípios, objectivos e missões dos Tratados
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Whether there are specific rules or general principles on the abuse of law in the area of direct taxation in the Member States
- Impostos indiretos
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Judicial review of employment relationships involving churches or religious undertakings
- Emprego
- Política social
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Access to information held by national financial supervisory authorities
- Livre circulação de capitais
- Mercado interno - Princípios
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Applicability of the rules relating to ‘personal data’ within the meaning of Article 2(a) of Directive 95/46/EC, to a corrected script of an examination
- Proteção dos dados
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Limitation rules in criminal matters
- Direitos fundamentais
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Criminal penalties in the event of non-payment of value added tax
- Imposto sobre o valor acrescentado
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