Hearing: Joined Cases C-296/25 P and C-297/25 P Poland v Commission

On Tuesday 8 September 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union will hear Joined Cases C-296/25 P and C-297/25 P Poland v Commission.

These cases concern an action for failure to fulfil obligations brought by the Commission against Poland in 2021 regarding the organisation of the judicial system. The Court of Justice ordered Poland to suspend the application of certain national provisions. When Poland failed to comply, the Court ordered it to pay the Commission a daily penalty of €1 million. As Poland did not pay the penalty payments, the Commission subsequently recovered the amounts due by offsetting them against sums owed to Poland by the EU.

Poland challenged this before the General Court. It sought the annulment or partial annulment of a number of set-off decisions following a legislative change that came into force in Poland in July 2022. The General Court dismissed these actions, finding that the Commission did not infringe EU law in recovering the penalty payments (see Joined Cases T-830/22 and T-156/23 Poland v Commission and Case T-1033/23 Poland v Commission).

Poland has now appealed those judgments before the Court of Justice.

This hearing will be available in the Curia Web TV section of our website after it has been completed.

In the video below, a press officer of the Court gives an overview of the facts of the cases and the legal issues involved.